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Use of Advanced Oxidation Processes to remove selected pollutants from the water matrix
Minich, Marek ; Landová, Pavlína (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with the topic of using Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) to remove selected pollutants from the water matrix via food dye Brilliant Blue E133 removal. For the AOPs reactions systems 3 types were chosen: UV/H2O2, UV/TiO2 and UV/H2O2/TiO2 system. Although the AOP reactor prototype has been constructed only for the TiO2 system, there has been proven efficiency for the two remaining systems. All three of these systems exhibited dye degradation level from 63,29 ± 9,97 % for UV/TiO2 system to 77,06 ± 2,23 % for UV/H2O2 system in 240 minutes long experiments. This thesis offers complex and up to date view regarding AOP issue in wider context and demonstrates its usefulness in half controlled conditions.
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Removal of sulfonamide antibiotics using advanced oxidation processes
Fučík, Jan ; Suková, Petra (referee) ; Tulková, Tereza (advisor)
This thesis deals with a present problem of increasing concentrations of pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in aquatic environment, because these micropollutants are not treated sufficiently in conventional wastewater treatment plants. It is necessary to develop new technological processes, that are able to treat these pollutants sufficiently. One of the options is that conventional methods would be complementary with advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which would work as a tertiary cleaning process on wastewater treatment plants. The actual knowledge, principle of the plasma discharge and principle of analytical methods is described in theoretical part of the thesis. In experimental part of the thesis, the plasma discharge is used for removal of sulfonamide antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), as the representative of AOP. Samples were taken during the plasma treatment of the model solution of sulfamethoxazole. These samples were analysed by LC-ESI-MS as the appropriate analytical method. An efficiency of degradation of sulfamethoxazole in different solutions (neutral, acidic and alkaline) was evaluated in this bachelor thesis. A suitability of plasma application on degradation of sulfonamide antibiotics was reviewed by comparing with other AOP.
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Use of liquid chromatography to analyze caffeine solutions exposed to plasma
Brabcová, Kristýna ; Řezáčová, Veronika (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This thesis deals with the current problem of increasing concentration of caffeine in water that is connected with caffeine consumption among people. This problem is not that urgent becusase the concentration is not high and for human is not so harmful. The bigger populaton is, the more caffeine people consume and the amount of caffeine in wastewater rises. This fact could be considered as a future problem. An appropriate method effective for elimination of harmful substances are advanced oxidation processes (AOP). Theoretical part describes purine alkaloids with detail desctription of caffeine. Plasma was chosen as a method for caffeine degradation and there are some facts described. There is a chapter about appropriate analytical methods. The samples were picked after periodical time intervals. These samples were analyzed by UHPLC. The results were compared with study dealing with this theme.
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Study of degradation of micropolutants in water using advanced oxidation processes
Brož, Tomáš ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of pesticide degradation using various advanced oxidation processes. Finding an effective method to degrade these micropollutants is very important with their increasing consumption in the agricultural and other industries, because their adverse effects on non-target organisms and humans are also expected. In this work, the herbicides metazachlor and chloridazon were studied. The first part of this work is conceived theoretically and is focused on a basic description of advanced oxidation processes, including characterization of individual types, description of pesticides and their distribution and a brief description of the used analytical methods. The second part deals with the experiment itself and the evaluation of the results. Three different types of advanced oxidation processes were used for degradation: UV, H2O2, UV/ H2O2. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to determine the efficiency of the experiment. It was found that the most effective of the used degradation methods was the use of UV radiation with the addition of H2O2.
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Use of plasma for degradation of ibuprofen in water
Bača, Ondřej ; Landová, Pavlína (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This Bachelor’s thesis deals with the current problem of increasing concentrations of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water. The concentration increase of these drugs is due to rised anti-inflammatory drugs intake in modern era. Wastewater treatment plants are not capable of sufficient elimination of these drugs in wastewater. That leads to contamination of groundwater and surface water. The long-term impacts of these drugs on human health is not fully understood, so it is necessary to develop new methods, which will lead to complete degradation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other pollutants. Theoretical part of the Bachelor’s thesis focuses on description and properties of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their consumption in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the paper deals with advanced oxidation processes especially with plasma. This part of the paper also deals with determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water. For degradation of ibuprofen was used plasma. During the plasma treatment, samples were taken in regular time intervals, which were afterwards determined by an appropriate analytical method LC-ESI-MS. The results were compared with scientific studies dealing with this topic.
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Purification of reverse osmosis concentrate using advanced oxidation processes
Bačovská, Leona ; Lev,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis investigates the possibility of using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of surfactants in laundry wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate. The theoretical part offers an up-to-date perspective on the treatment and disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate and laundry wastewater treatment, and further explains the principle of AOPs. In the experimental part, sodium dodecyl sulfate was selected as a model anionic surfactant. The degradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate was monitored in distilled water, in artificial laundry wastewater and in a real concentrate. All experiments were conducted on a semi-operational AOP unit and the following three reaction systems were used: UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3. The effectiveness of all three mentioned systems was demonstrated, with a degradation in sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration of 68 – 69 % in distilled water and 53 – 56 % in artificial laundry wastewater. In the real concentrate, the UV/H2O2 system was the most effective system when there was a 73 % degradation in anionic surfactants.
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Use of advanced oxidation processes in pool water treatment
Trávníček, Jakub ; Pivoda, Bohuslav (referee) ; Biela, Renata (advisor)
The research part of the thesis is focused on the use of advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of swimming pool waters. In the first part, the common disinfection technologies that are used domestically and abroad for the treatment of swimming pool waters are described. In the second part, the research focuses on the basic types of advanced oxidation processes used in swimming pool facilities and other similar laboratory-scale technologies with potential for future use in the spa industry. The practical focus of the thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, data from a questionnaire of selected swimming pool facilities in the Czech Republic are processed, which summarizes what technologies are used in the treatment of swimming pool waters in the Czech Republic. The second part consists of a case study that analyses the effect on the quality of treated water before and after the installation of advanced oxidation processes system in the pool recirculation circuit.
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Removal of organic pollution using advanced oxidation processes
Přibilová, Petra ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Chýlková, Jaromíra (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (advisor)
The presented doctoral thesis deals with the use of advanced oxidation processes combining hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) to produce hydroxyl and sulfur-based radicals. The investigated micropollutants are selected natural estrogens estrone (E1), 17-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and synthetic 17-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The theoretical section includes information on the properties of estrogens, their occurrence and effects in the environment on non-target organisms across trophic levels; and list of options for their removal from wastewater. The advanced oxidation processes themselves are also discussed and current knowledge in this area is summarised. In the research section, used analytical methods (LC-MS/MS and spectrophotometry), designs of individual experiments and results of tested processes are described. In addition monitoring the efficiency of different combinations of hydrodynamic cavitation and other agent and the suitability of the materials used on the experimental unit were also investigated. The sorption/desorption onto the surface of selected plastic materials (SBR, EPDM, PTFE, Tygon S3TM, PVDF and PVC) was also evaluated. Based on the results, the material for the unit - on which the degradation experiments were carried out - was selected. The methods chosen for the removal of estrogens from water were HC/H2 O2 , HC/O3, HC/percarbonate, HC/persulfate, hydrodynamic cavitation alone, and H2O2 alone. The design of the experiments was created to minimize the time required to treat the water, ideally one cycle per unit (4 seconds), which corresponds to the flow-through arrangement of the system.
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Removal of antibiotics from wastewater by advanced oxidation technologies
Macsek, Tomáš ; Rusník,, Igor (referee) ; Bodík,, Igor (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms and are widely used in modern medicine. High consumption of antibiotics correlates with their elevated occurence in sewage systems, from where they are further released into the environment. The threat of their occurrence in the environment is in triggering the formation and spread of antibiotic resistance. This thesis focuses on the removal of selected antibiotics and partly on the antibiotic resistance from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). AOPs are based on the creation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals, which are able to oxidize even highly persistent substances. The thesis focuses on the purification of effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which are identified as the main source of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment, by AOPs mainly based on ozonation. These processes were tested under laboratory conditions on model water as well as under real conditions as the tertiary stage of the treatment at Brno-Modřice WWTP under various operating states. As the results of the performed experiments show, it could be concluded that the studied AOPs are capable of effective degradation of studied antibiotics from the treated medium. Under real conditions, the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin and clarithromycin were monitored. Output concentrations in each operational state were achieved to be below the limit of detection for all four antibiotics. The application of AOPs based on ozonation as the tertiary step of the treatment also had a positive effect on the reduction of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. Within the pilot plant experiments, a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude of E.coli, coliform microorganisms and a reduction of their resistant strains in the range of 1.4 - 4.0 logs were observed, compared to the effluent from the WWTP.
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Influence of advanced oxidative processess on ecotoxicity of pesticides
Goma, Bernadette ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is a study of the influence of advanced oxidation processes on the ecotoxicity of pesticides Metazachlor and Chloridazon. Both herbicides are commonly used to protect crops such as oilseed rape, turnips, chard or fodder beet against whole range of undesirable monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Application is most often on large areas and therefore pose a high risk to the quality of the environment. The possible influence on the representatives of producers and consumers of the aquatic ecosystem was monitored in the work. Solutions of pesticides, which were subjected to selected methods of treatment using advanced oxidation processes, were tested on aquatic organisms, specifically on crustaceans Daphnia magna and aquatic plant Lemna minor. From the results of individual tests, the ecotoxicological values of EC50 and IC50 were calculated and their ecotoxicity and thus the efficiency of oxidation processes in the removal of pollutants from wastewater were compared.
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