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Principles of preparation and administration of selected Medicaments in the Intensive Care
ZÁRUBA, Petr
According to the European Union, medication errors are among the most common adverse events connected with the provision of healthcare services. The safety of nursing care is a basic indicator of the quality of health care providers. One of the basic activities of general nurses is the preparation and administration of medicines, during which, especially in intensive care, even the slightest non-compliance can harm the patient. When preparing and administering medicines it is therefore essential that general nurses consistently follow safety regulations, internal guidelines of health care providers, recommendations of the World Health Organization and national nursing standards, which can effectively prevent potential errors. In clinical practice general nurses may not adhere to these measures for a variety of reasons, so it is important to establish and analyse them. In the theoretical part, the legislative framework for the preparation and administration of medicines in the Czech Republic is defined. This part also describes general principles of handling medicines connected with the problem of medication errors in the context of the quality of health services and defines forms of medicines and their application methods. The practical part of the paper sets out to determine what knowledge nurses working in intensive care have, whether they apply this knowledge in their work process and whether they observe failings of their colleagues relating to the preparation and administration of medicines. With this in mind, four hypotheses and six research questions were established. A quantitative method, non-standardised questionnaire technique was used to collect data. After the quantitative method, the method of qualitative investigation by observation and the technique of an in-depth semi-structured interview were conducted. The research population comprised non-medical health care workers (general nurses and paramedics) working in anaesthesiology-resuscitation departments and intensive care units of district-type hospitals. The quantitative data was processed using descriptive statistics with tables and graphs, while the qualitative data was processed using charts and diagrams.
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The use of restraints in internal branch departments in Hospitals of the South Bohemia Region
RŮŽIČKOVÁ, Monika
This Bachelor thesis is both theoretical and practical. The first part of the theory focuses on an aggressive patient, the causes of aggression, expression, prevention, treatment and access to an aggressive patient. It also mentions aggression in hospitals. In the second part, the theme is restrictive devices, which are often used precisely in aggressive patients. It discusses in more detail the types of restraints, the principles in their use, the laws governing them, the documentation and the nursing care of the patient under restriction. Research goals: In this bachelor's thesis, 3 goals were set. The first was to map the nurses' experience with restrictive devices in practice. The second aim was to explore the nurses' attitude to these means. The third aim was to identify what shortcomings nurses saw in the issue of the use of restraints. Research questions: Three research questions were identified on the objectives of the work. 1. What experience do general nurses have in the use of restraints? 2. What is the general nurse's position on restraints? 3. Do general nurses perceive any shortcomings in the use of restraints? Methods: A qualitative research strategy was used in the practical part. The data collection took place through semi-structured interviews conducted with general nurses in the internal departments of hospitals of the South Bohemia Region. The selection of informace was deliberate, with a total of 12. Results: Using the pencil paper method of data analysis, we created 3 categories of questions and 21 subcategories. All nurses have experience of using curtsies and medication from their practice. The frequency of their use varies according to the ward they work in. Almost half of the nurses had a bad experience concerning the improper use of restrictive medication. Nurses' attitudes are slightly more positive positive mainly due to patient and staff protection. From the nurses' perspective, the positives outweigh the negatives when it comes to restrictive measures. Half of the nurses expressed that they were aware of the shortcomings of this issue. The most frequently mentioned was the lack of availability of orderlies or security guards on the ward.
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Time frame of the work of nurses in a standard workplace
POSTLOVÁ, Kristina
The bachelor thesis discusses the time frame of the work of general nurses in a standard workplace. The theoretical part describes information about the practice of the profession and education in the field of general nursing (conditions for the practice of the profession, qualification, specialization and lifelong education). Furthermore, the specifics of the profession of a general nurse are described, including competencies, the nursing care provided by general nurses is defined, and the documentation of health service providers, which is maintained by general nurses, is also presented. The next part of the bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of work in nursing, presents its methodology (time frame of the working day, observation, interview), which will be used for the development of the research part of the work. The tools used to measure the workload of general nurses in a standard workplace are also compared with the same tools used in intensive care units. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to find out what activities a general nurse performs during a shift, including the time-consuming nature of these activities, and the subsequent mapping of work optimization topics proposed by observed general nurses at a standard workplace. The research part is implemented using a qualitative research method, where the research sample consists of general nurses from a selected standard workplace. Using a semi-structured observation of a time frame of the work of general nurses, time data is collected about the time used for individual activities performed. Through a semi-structured interview, general nurses' suggestions for optimizing work at a standard workplace in terms of time are ascertained.
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Life of a patient after surgical treatment for malignant tumors of skin
KOLDOVÁ, Miroslava
Abstract: This thesis deals with lives of patients after surgical treatment for malignant skin tumours.The goal of the thesis: To find out how patients perceive their lives after surgical treatment for malignant skin tumours. To find out how patients are informed on regimen measures after surgical treatment for malignant skin tumours.Methodology and the sample set: Research questions were set on the basis of the chosen goals. How do patients perceive their lives after a surgical excision of a malignant skin tumour? How are patients informed on regimen measures after surgical treatment for malignant skin tumours? I chose a qualitative research strategy for the accomplishment of my survey, where the technique of semi-structured interviews was used for the data collection. The sample set consisted of 12 patients, who had undergone surgical treatment for malignant skin tumours. The patients were intentionally addressed by means of Facebook. The obtained information was processed by means of the paper-and-pencil method. Results: The survey has revealed that in their today's lives the patients feel limitation within the protection against the sun's UV radiation, which hampers them from their activities to the fullest. Their life values have changed and the perception of their own bodies deviated, they moreover fight permanent fear from the disease relapse. We have also found out that patients are insufficiently informed on regime measures, which is often caused by lack of time, empathy and willingness to give information on the side of healthcare staff. The ascertainment of these facts led me to preparation of an informational leaflet, which, apart from being useful for patients, can also serve as a complementary source of information for healthcare staff. Recommendations for the practice: I recommend that the issue of providing information and education in the care about patients with malignant skin disease should be included in the education for nurses. Recommendation of mutual cooperation with patients' family members is suitable.
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Professional experience from the perspective of a nursing student
ŠKRDLETOVÁ, Adéla
Introduction: The thesis focuses on the issue of general nurse education. In greater detail, it focuses on professional nursing practice. Educating nurses is necessary to ensure a high-quality and safe care. Practical teaching makes up a large portion of pre-gradual education, that is why it is necessary to give it the much-needed attention. Students acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge as well as experience during their practice, which are necessary for their future profession. The aim of this thesis: The main aim of this bachelor thesis was to research the students´ opinions related to professional nursing practice. Methodology: To reach the set goals, a qualitative research method was used. Data collection was implemented via a semi-structured interview with general nursing students at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the University of South Bohemia. The interviews were divided into three categories for better clarity and the total amount of questions were 28. The acquired answers were analysed using open coding. Results: Results have proven that the students´ expectations are rather positive and rely in improving oneself in practical skills, acquiring independence via practice, acquiring self-esteem and a greater knowledge when choosing a future job. Cooperating with nursing staff relies on an individual level, influenced mainly by the nurse´s personality. The experience of students in their practical courses is positive, neutral as well as negative, influenced mainly by the staff and their interest in students, type of ward, mentoring, stress as well as ward equipment. Conclusion: Results have proven that students at professional practice need to be given the necessary attention. Student happiness is an important factor that should be a common primary interest in both, teachers and staff.
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Subjective perception of nurses fatigue in the ward with Covid-19 positive patients
Vosátková, Laura ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Haluzíková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the workload of nurses caring for COVID-19 positive patients. The aim of the questionnaire survey was to determine the workload of these nurses and to determine whether the workload of the Covid-type ward exceeds the workload of the standard non-Covid ward. Data collection took place in the inpatient, ICU and ARO wards of the Rudolf and Stefanie Hospital in Benešov, which cared for COVID-19 positive patients. The questionnaire survey took place from November 2021 to January 2022. The target group of respondents consisted of practical and general nurses. A data sheet created by Microsoft Excel was used for data processing, and STATISTICA CZ 12 was used for basic statistical analyzes and frequency tables. From the results of the survey it was found that the share, resp. 73.44 % of respondents reported a rate of subjective experiences that matched congestion in Covid's department. 90.63 % of respondents reported a share of subjective experiences in the Covid department that corresponded to monotony. The share of the combination of subjective experiences of overload and monotony was stated by 67.19 % of respondents. 20.31% of respondents and 1.56% of respondents experienced an unfavorable workload in the ward with COVID-19 positive patients. It can be concluded that the...
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De-escalation of the patient's aggressive behaviour in a psychiatric ward
Černý, Jan ; Jirkovský, Daniel (advisor) ; Dorková, Zlatica (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "De-escalation of aggressive patient behavior in the psychiatric ward" deals with the issue of aggression, its prevention and effective solution. The aim of the work was to determine the frequency of aggression, its type, cause and method of solution. Another aim of the work was to find out the frequency of trainings that the respondents completed and their interest in a possible offer of training focused on managing aggression. The theoretical part of the thesis provides a basic overview of the issue, a description of de- escalation techniques and other options for managing aggression and its prevention. The empirical part of the work presents the results of own research and their comparison with the results of other professional research. The method of the survey was a self-designed questionnaire, which was distributed to general and practical nurses of the Psychiatric Hospital Bohnice. 108 duly completed questionnaires were included in the study itself. Results: It was found that more than 58% of respondents experience verbal aggression at least once a week and almost 29% of respondents experience brachial aggression at least once a week. Due to such a frequent occurrence of aggression, only less than 59% of respondents have been trained in the issue at least once in the...
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Contribution and cooperation of the Army of the Czech Republic during the Covid-19 pandemic in the work of general nurses
PAVLOVIČOVÁ, Adéla
The aim of this diploma thesis was to map the scope of cooperation between members of the AČR and general nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic. Another goal was to find out if the general nurses were satisfied with the mentioned cooperation, and also to map the experiences of the general nurses with the deployment of soldiers in hospital inpatient wards. The theoretical part deals with a detailed description of key terms that are still related to the research part. Above all, attention is paid here to the disease Covid-19, its clinical picture and the possibilities of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Key terms such as general nurse or pandemic are also explained. We also focus on the specifics of the work of general nurses in hospitals during the pandemic. Another of the main chapters focuses on the Army of the Czech Republic and the ways in which it fought against the mentioned infectious disease. It describes not only the help provided by its members in social and hospital facilities, but also help to the components of the integrated rescue system and other ways of its involvement. In the empirical part, a research investigation was carried out in a qualitative form using the in-depth interview method. The research group consisted of a total of fifteen general nurses who work in two different hospitals on inpatient wards. All of them collaborated with members of the ACR during the pandemic, which represents the basic building block of this entire research. Before the actual research was carried out, a pre-research was also carried out, which mainly served to verify the comprehensibility of the individual questions in the interview. After the consent of the informants, the interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed in Microsoft Word by the author of the thesis. The obtained information was carefully read and, as needed, categorized and reduced into created categories and subcategories, which are schematically shown in the results chapter. The obtained results show that the members of the ACR cooperated both with general nurses and with other members of the nursing team. Most often, it was auxiliary work, such as helping with morning hygiene, anti-decubitus care, assistance with meals, etc. The general nurses explained what the soldiers were most beneficial to them, but also described the tasks that were problematic activities for the soldiers. General nurses also described in detail the experiences they gained from this collaboration, and stated both positive and negative opinions and comments about this collaboration. The work also includes recommended changes in case another wave of the Covid-19 pandemic follows. In the discussion chapter, the obtained results of the empirical part are then compared with professional literature and global database articles.
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Cultural competences of home care nurses
RÁSOCHOVÁ, Marie
The diploma thesis themed as the "Cultural Competences of Nurses in Home Care Agencies" is aimed at mapping a level of cultural competences of nurses in home care agencies. On basis of the objective stipulated in advance, two research questions were formed: What is the extent of cultural competences of nurses and what the nurses' particular cultural challenges exist in such home care agencies? Qualitative research methodology was applied in the empirical part of the diploma thesis. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview which was created in collaboration with a group of researchers participating in the Project Research Grant No. GAJU 046/2021/S. The research file consisted of eleven (11) nurses working in home care agencies. The interview acquired were processed by means of coding resulting in five (5) categories and 16 sub-categories generated. It is apparent from the research results that nurses in home care provide patients with a highly individualized care which fully meets conditions set up by the cultural competence care. Simultaneously, certain weaknesses were detected standing ahead of nurses as a form of challenges. For instance, it is a language barrier and an interpreter being engaged in the patients' care in home care, quality improvement of lifelong education and training for nurses in home care and an inclusion of the critical reflexion in the nurses' jobs. It was also disclosed that nurses are challenged by the technical handling of their work in home environment of their patients. In terms of the results, it is evident that medical facilities are facing with the challenge of how to increase the efficiency of information transfer within individual subjects of the care provision, and thus to improve possibilities of nurses' preparation for their clients' visits. The diploma thesis can be exploited to intensify the quality and efficiency in the care for clients originated from diverse cultures, and moreover as the grounds for further research activities and progress and development in nursing.
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Cultural competences of nurses in intensive nursing care
BALOUNOVÁ, Lucie
The goal of this thesis with the name "Cultural Competence of Nurses in Intensive Nursing Care" is to analyze the cultural competence of intensive nursing care. Based on this topic, two questions have been created: "What is the cultural competence of nurses in intensive nursing care" and "Which cultural challenges do nurses face in intensive nursing care?" The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the characteristics of multicultural nursing care, defining basic concepts that are associated with this topic. It also describes various nursing care models about multicultural nursing care, along with communication and the challenges associated with specific minorities. There is also a chapter that focuses on the characteristics of intensive care and the specifics of communication with patients. The empirical part of this thesis was written in a qualitative form, comprising of interviews that gathered data based on thirty-two questions and a few sub-questions. The introduction had three questions collecting personal information of the interviewees, then another twenty-nine questions followed with thirteen sub-questions that focused on the nursing care of patients of minority groups, the specifics of transcultural nursing care, educating nurses about this topic and how much experience did they have with this topic. If necessary, further questions were asked. The whole interview was done so that it would be able to provide answers to our study questions that were made ahead of time and to also provide a picture of how nurses handle intensive care in patients of minority groups. We asked a total of ten general nurses who at the time of this study worked in intensive care, either at a department of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive care department or intermediate care. The interviews were then processed with open code and coloring text. In order to make the results of the study easier to understand, they have been divided and presented into four categories and ten subcategories. The categories clearly describe the experiences and thoughts of nurses. The results provide a holistic view on transcultural nursing care in intensive care. Based on this study, transcultural nursing care is becoming even more significant in today's society and it is important to not just focus on the education of nurses regarding this topic, but also to teach foreign languages, because language barriers are one of the most common obstacles nurses must face. This work may serve as educational material not just for students of healthcare professions, but also for nurses working in intensive care. The results alone point to shortcomings and problems associated with providing a culturally competent care and may contribute to improving this specific topic.
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