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Apple dormant bud cryopreservation: Methodology
Bilavčík, Alois ; Faltus, Miloš ; Zámečník, Jiří
In the Czech Republic, ex situ and in vitro conservation is used for apple tree germplasm conservation. In relation to the strategy of maintenance of broad genetic potential of apple tree, there is a necessity to preserve genotypes by storage at ultralow temperatures – cryoconservation. Based on broad spectrum of apple cultivars, an optimised dormant bud cryopreservation protocol was developed. The developed cryoprotocol enables to establish a safe backup storage system for ex situ and in vitro collections of apple tree germplasm. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic is the user of this methodology and it will utilize it in the framework of “National Programme on Conservation and Utilization of Plant, Animal and Microbial Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture”.
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Výskyt škůdců ovocných stromů na různých stanovištích v okolí Valašského Meziříčí
Hajda, Tomáš
During the vegetation period of 2015, occunerrence of apple tree pests was observed in surroundings of Valašské Meziříčí. The research was conducted in a maintained orchard, unkempt orchard and in a road alley. Monitoring was realized by visual inspection. Ten species were registered with different quantity in individual habitats. The most significant species were Vespula vulgaris and Vespa crabro in the first location. Also Cydia pomonella and Anthonomus pomorum were significant with them in the second location. Colonies of Aphis pomi, and Cydia pomonella were the most numerous in the third location. Hedya nubiferana and Lyonetia clerkella were the least important pests. Mild occurrence was found in Tetranynchus urticae, Hoplocampa testudinea and Tatianaerhynchites aequatus.
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Vyhodnocení výskytu patogenů jabloně na lokalitě Lysice
Pavlíčková, Kristýna
In the Czech Republic and around the world are the most commonly grown fruit trees, apple trees. The yield and also its quality is dependent on the weather, location, but also largely on the proper protection against harmful organisms. The thesis contains an overview of the most important viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens, mainly the work is focuses on the agent of apple scab, Venturia inaequalis. In the locality Lysice were evaluated attacked three major fungal pathogens: Venturia inaequalis, Podosphaera leucotricha and Monilinia fructigena, on the varieties ´Idared´, ´Jonagold´, ´Rubín´ and ´Šampion´. The attack of leaves by agent of the apple scab was the most evident in the varieties ´Rubín´ and ´Jonagold´ for which was established middle occurrence class of pathogen. The attack of fruits was minimal, because protection was made correctly. For all varieties was evaluated high frequency of apple powdery mildew, while primary infection (15 to 53 % of monitored leaves). Due to the application of chemical protection were secondary infections weaker (19 to 37 % of monitored leaves) than primary infections. By Monilinia fructigena was the most attacked variety ´Rubín´ (56 % of monitored fruits). The variety ´Rubín´ was the most sensitive for all the evaluated pathogens. For particular pathogens was devised suitable protection system.
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Apple Trees as Representatives the Utility Plants of the Tribe Rosaceae
Šnorová, Markéta ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Odcházelová, Tereza (referee)
TITLE Apple trees as representatives of utility plants in the menials Rosaceae AUTHOR Markéta Šnorová DEPARTMENT Department of biology and environmental education SUPERVISOR RNDr. Jana Skýbová ABSTRACT Submitted bachelor thesis is devoted to apple trees, as represantatives of menials Rosaceae. At first I introduced some other plants of family Rosaceae. My object was process theme apple tree from wider angle of view. From pollination until salvage and use their fetuses - apples. I have dealt also ecological requirements of appletree, their cultivation, varieties and history of their cultivation. Further I have highlighted importance of apples for humans in terms of nutrition. For the purpose of teaching i have compiled practical works useful in the lessons of botany at elementary school. And grammar school I suggested and laboratories tasks of chemistry and biology. KEY WORDS Apple tree, apple, cultivation, variety, nutrition.
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Diversity of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot in the Czech Republic
Pešicová, Kamila ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Mazáková, Jana (referee)
Neofabraea is a genus of an important plant pathogenic fungi having worldwide appearance. Four Neofabraea species are responsible for bull's eye rot of pome fruits. The aim of this thesis was to investigate which of these species occur in the Czech Republic. 81 isolates were collected during a two- year period and they were identified using PCR fingerprinting (primers ERIC 1R and M13-core) and DNA sequencing (ITS, mtSSU and tub2). The results showed that species N. alba, N. perennans and Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii occur in the Czech Republic. According to available information, this is the second record of C. kienholzii in Europe. One isolate (KP4) failed to be identified as any of the species. KP4 is very close to C. kienholzii, but it can be distinguished both biologically and genetically. Furthermore, the aggressiveness of individual species was compared.N. perennans and strain KP4 proved to be most aggressive, the least aggressive is C. kienholzii. Two N. alba strains (KP36 and KP37) isolated from healthy apple fruit and leaf are pathogenic for apple fruits. Keywords: aggressiveness, Cryptosporiopsis kienholzii, Dermateaceae, Helotiales, apple tree, Malus, PCR fingerprinting, postharvest diseases Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Vlnatka krvavá (Eriosoma lanigerum), význam a možnosti její regulace
Klimešová, Lada
The research was performed in vegetation season of year 2014 in apple orchard near Nosislav in Břeclav district. The task was to compare efficiency of two auxiliary preparations and two insecticides, separately or in different combinations. Valuation of efficiency of these preparations in various variants was performed by measuring lengths of colonies of woolly aphid 1.2 and 7 days after application. The trial had been started at 4.6.2014. The most efficient variant was Cocana 1.5% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0.013% -- Mospilan was applied immediately after applying of Cocana (efficiency 80.2%). Very good results were noticed on variants Mospilan 20 0.013% (efficiency 75.6%), Cocana 2% + Mospilan 20 SP 0,013 % -- tankmix (74.2%), Cocana 2% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 0,013% (68.8%), Cocana 1% followed by Mospilan 20 SP 1% (64.5%). Low efficiency was found out at Cocana 2% followed by Wetcit 0.3% (48.7%). The worst efficiency was by application of Cocana 2% followed by Spintor 0.6 l/ha (13%).
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Květopas jabloňový (Anthonomus pomorum), význam a možnosti jeho regulace
Vaverková, Jana
Monitoring was carried out in 2014 in apple orchards Starý Lístovec (Brno-venkov). The effectiveness of environmentally friendly (Quassia amara, Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor), synthetic insecticide Calypso 480 SC (thiacloprid) in combination with orange oil PREV-B2 on hibernating adults were compared. The results were inconclusive due to inclement weather conditions. The most attractive variety were triploid variety Jonagold and second Champion. The influence of selected products (Quassia amara Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor, Calypso 480 SC) on mortality and activity of apple blossom weevil was investigated in laboratory 24, 48, and 120 hours after application. Degree of leaf damage (%) 120 hours after application was evaluated. The highest efficiency (88% mortality) reached SpinTor (spinosad) 120 hours after application, other products only temporary paralyzed adults. Spruzit-Flussig, SpinTor and Calypso 480 SC inhibit the activity of apple blossom weevil, they may reduce damage by pests, and therefore they can be recommended for application in the spring during feeding of adults.
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Studium a hodnocení rezistentních odrůd jabloní vůči houbovým chorobám
Dušek, Martin
This thesis includes experimental period 2014. In this work were evaluated 13 genotypes and 9 varieties of apple hybrids which was bred on Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. In this case was evaluated resistance against two diseases: apple scab (Venturia inequalis Cke. Wint.) and Powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Ell.et. Ewerk). Most of the genotypes and the varieties were moderately damaged strupovitostí Apple, thanks to the high average annual precipitation. The most susceptible genotypes and species were HL 18, HL 91, HL 204, HL 384, ' Flordika ' and ' Dima '. Apple powdery mildew is the most effect for genotype HL 204, HL 211, HL 623, HL 1132, 'Mivibe','Pidi' and 'Zita'. On growth and forage were evaluated by the characters. At the next step were evaluated growth and harvesting characters. At the end were assesed the organoleptic characters by tasting.
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Determination of some nutrition factors in selected kinds of fruit
Smělá, Margita ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
Diploma thesis is concerned with determination of some nutrion factors and vitamin C in various cultivars of apples (Pirus Malus, L.) and quinces (Cydonia oblonga, Mill.). In theoretical part there are described general characterization in selected kinds of fruits, their medically significant sunstances and utilization of these fruits. Main focus is paid to vitamin C. There are described its chemical properties and effect for human health. Various methods for determination of some nutrion factors with focus on determination of vitamin C by high-performance liquid chromatography. In experimental part, total of 27 various cultivars of aplles and 16 various cultivars of quinces were analyzed. These cultivars are from grower station Faculty of garden of Mendel university. For determitation vitamin C was used by high-performance liquid chromatography. Vitamin C was determination as an ascorbic acid. Some nutrion factors were analyzed in experimental part. There were analyzed dry matter, total flavonoids, total phenolics and titratable acid in various cultivars of apples and quinces. There were compared of some various cultivars after representation and content of significant substances as result. The last part of thesis was sensory analysis of apples.
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