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Technology in potato cultivation aimed at efficient use of nitrogen
Svobodová, Andrea ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
Environmental-friendly technology of potato growing was studied in field trial plots on Valečov Research Station belonging to Potato Research Institute Havlíčkův Brod between 2010 and 2014. The first part was focused on the effect of local application of mineral fertilizers on production yield and quality. The second part studied the effect of nitrogen fertilizer containing urease inhibitor (UREAstabil) compared to urea in increasing rates on yield and selected parameters of potato quality. In the first part of trials with liquid DAM 390, ammonium sulphate and urea the obtained results show that yield differences among selected fertilization variants were insignificant with certain tendency in favour of the variant with split nitrogen rate using DAM 390. For evaluated quality parameters no statistically significant differences among tested fertilization variants were recorded. In the second part of trials evaluating UREAstabil and urea applied at various rates during soil preparation prior to planting, applied rate had a higher effect on potato yields than nitrogen form. The results show that mutual comparison of urea and UREAstabil did not indicate any statistically significant yield differences.
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Cultivation of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L. C. indica L) and the Use of Its’ Biologically Active Substances in Medicine
Kahánková, Zdeňka ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Božik, Matěj (referee)
Cannabis has been used as a medicine throughout the history. For the first time the therapeutic use of cannabis was documented in China, 4000 B.C.
The cannabis plants contain significant levels of biologically active secondary metabolites, such as cannabinoids, enzymes, glycoproteins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, simple acids, fatty acids, steroids, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, vitamins, pigments, etc. Attention has been focused particularly on the cannabinoid expressing the psychoactive effects tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Concentration of this substance in the plant represents the difference between therapeutic and technical cannabis; technical cannabis has 0,3 % of THC and less.
The concentration of the secondary metabolites in the different stages of the life of the plant is strongly influenced by the external factors present during the cultivation. Due to this fact it is necessary to cultivate medical cannabis indoors, under strictly controlled cultivation conditions. Respecting the standardized conditions is key in order to fulfil the limits necessary for its following use in therapy and/or research.
The discovery of the cannabinoid receptors meant a breakthrough as it allowed the scientists to explain the effect of cannabis on specific tissues. An intense research of the synthetic ligands of cannabinoid receptors has been ongoing currently. Phytocannabinoids, terpenes and other secondary metabolites of cannabis express synergistic actions, meaning they should not be examined separately, but rather be considered a complex.
It can be assumed that the cannabinoid therapy will become a golden standard, which will help reduce the symptoms of the disease and even cure the patient.
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Influence of variety on the yield and its structure of early irrigated potatoes
Rubešová, Žaneta ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
Summary
The thesis is focused on the evaluation of the influence of genotype variety, harvest date of potatoes tubers collection and location for the yield of irrigated early potatoes, it´s structure
in two terms harvests following fourteen consecutive days. The problem was studied in two localities in early potato growing areas in the framework of ÚKZÚZ field trials.
ÚKZÚZ results were obtained after harvest trials. In 2015 I personally participated in the harvest, and in the next months, I evaluated the results separetaly. Experiment in 2007 was conducted
in Přerov nad Labem and was focused on the influence of genotype varieties and date the collection on the structure and yield of irrigated early potatoes. Trials in 2015 was conducted
in a research station in Přerov nad Labem and in Lednice in Moravia and was focused on the influence of genotype varieties for yield, location and date of harvest in irrigated early potatoes.
Based on the results was found demonstrable influence of genotype varieties for yield, in which Suzan variety achieved the highest yield (28,82 t/ha), on average both two locations and two the collection dates. For all tested varieties was proved that the location has significant influence on the yield. In Přerov nad Labem was achieved on average all varieties of 18,5 t/ha (109 %) higher yield rate than in Lednice in Moravia. During the examining the influence of harvest date on the yield was found ambiguous the yield growth in the second collection term. The average of all varieties increased yields in theese fourteen days in Lednice of 10,8 t/ha (93,9 %), ie. An average of 0,77 t/ha per day in Přerov nad Labem about 16,6 t/ha (61,3 %), it´s an average of 1,2 t/ha per day. The influence of genotype variety and harvest term on the average weight of potato tubers in one clump, the average number of tubers in one clump and average weight per tuber was proved in all cases. The highest weight of tubers under a single clump reached Monika variety in both collection terms. Variety Magda achieved in both terms of the collection the highest number of tubers. The highest weight of single tuber were measured in the first term oh the collection in the variety Monika and in the second term the collection in the variety Bellarosa.
In my opinion, genotype of the variety, location and the harvest term have a significant influence on yield and its structure. For the growers it is very important to choose suitable early potato varieties, but also must provide the best possible growing conditions, for the full manifestation of the variety potential.
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Differences in potatoes yield structure cultivated in organic and integrated growing technology
Erbenová, Veronika ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of organic growing in comparison with conventional (integrated) cultivation on yield and its structure based on the results of its own field trials.
On a selected topic I have compiled a literature review based on the professional literature. To this theme I established a field experiment in Dolní Brusnice in 2015. I used two varieties of potatoes (Adéla and Marabel). The experiment was established in the two versions of the integrated and the organic farming, each in four repetitions with twelve consecutive clusters.
The results of the experiment in statistical evaluation showed that integrated cultivation significantly increases the yield of tubers under a bunch in comparison with the organic way of cultivation (in this case by 23 %). In the integrated variant was achieved higher average number of tubers under a clump versus the environmental variation. But it was only a trend. The result was inconclusive. The average weight of a tuber showed up again in an attempt to trend lower its value in organic farming but only for the Marabel variety. It was also assessed the damage mold leaf area in a potato, which was greater in the organic cultivation.
The results of this study can be applied when deciding on the establishment of conventional (integrated) or organic crop of potatoes for the production of marketable tubers. At the same time I would like to emphasize that the results are only one year and cannot be generalized. They can be built upon in subsequent experiments.
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Functional properties of tillers working tools
Hamouz, Karel ; Hůla, Josef (advisor) ; Novák, Petr (referee)
This theses provides an overview of tillers´ working tools used in current tillage technologies for soil loosening to varying depths. A more detailed overview was made to describe current solutions for the design of tillers for shallow and medium depths. Literary insights into the quality of work and energy requirements of tillers´ working tools are presented. The work also includes the results of field measurement of draught force and quality evaluation of the work of three selected prototypes of chisel tines. This results were used to find out the relationship between specific draught and soil-aggregate size distribution on different widths of chisels and their working depth. For all widths of tines, a significant growth in specific draught was found with increasing working depth. The specific draught significantly correlated with the cross-section area of the loosened soil (correlation coefficient 0,808).
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The impact of digestate fertilisation on the structure of yield and selected qualitative indicators of potatoes.
Polák, Miloslav ; Hamouz, Karel (advisor) ; Pavel, Pavel (referee)
The thesis studies the effect of digestate fertilisers on the structure of yield, starch content and scab of potato tubers. The introduction outlines the problems of potato fertilisation, including the existing knowledge on the fertilisation by digestate. The subsequent, experimental part was executed in the form of a field experiment in SENAGRO Senožaty a.s. This enterprise produces table potatoes for TESCO chain of supermarkets. The company was interested in using the waste material (digestate) from biogas station as efficiently as possible and tried to use it as a dose of nitrogen under potatoes. The company uses the technology of destoning with a line width of 90 cm.
The experiment was carried out in such a way to enable to determine the effectiveness of digestate as a substitute for the usual N fertiliser for potatoes. It was based on three variants: Variant A. Ammonium sulphate applied areally before destoning and 15-15-15 local application of NPK fertiliser (in total dose of 100 kg N/ha). Variant B. Ammonium sulphate + NPK + DAM 390 applied during vegetation on 27th May 2015 (in total dose of 120 kg N/ha). Variant C. Digestate in quantity of 120 kg N/ha. Early to midseason Luciana variety was used in the experiment.
In compliance with the methodology, before the harvest I dag away the bushes to find out the level of yielding elements. I took samples that were evaluated in terms of starch content in Vesa Velhartice, and personally examined the scab of potato tubers. On the basis of statistical evaluation of the examined variants (executed at the Department of Crop Production), I reached the following findings:
Compared to the usual variants of N fertilisation, digestate fertilisation of potatoes did not have any statistically significant effect on the weight of tubers under one bush or the weight of table potatoes. Compared to the control variants of N fertilisation, digestate fertilisation did not influence verifiably the total number of tubers per one bush or the number of table potatoes per one bush. In terms of the effect on the average weight of one potato, the variant
with the application of digestate fully equalled, or even exceeded, the experimental variants of mineral N fertilisation. It is therefore possible to say that in terms of yield, this type of fertilisation can serve as a substitute of fertilisation by nitrate and mineral fertilisers. Starch content and scab of potato tubers were not demonstrably influenced by digestate fertilising compared to traditional N fertilisation.
In conclusion, I would like to point out that the experiment has been carried out only for one year and its results cannot be generalised yet. That is why I recommend to continue in the experiment also in the future years.
In my opinion, digestate and the problem with its application is becoming an increasingly pressing theme. If experiments carried out for several years prove that the result of its application is positive to potatoes, digestate, in my opinion, will again have broader possibilities of use and we can count with it as a full-value fertiliser also in the future.
Keywords: potatoes, digestate, starch content, scab, yield
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