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Comparison of abortion and contraceptive behaviour in 2009 and 2019 in selected European countries
Idlbeková, Bára ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Comparison of abortion and contraceptive behaviour in 2009 and 2019 in selected European countries Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to determine to what extent abortion behaviour contraceptive patterns have changed from 2009 to 2019 in selected European countries. The first chapter discusses the aims, research questions and structure of the thesis. The second chapter contains the theoretical framing of the thesis and focuses on basic information about abortion in the context of the 2nd demographic transition, opinion trends, legislation and last but not least contraception. In the third chapter, resources and methodology are presented. In the analytical part of the thesis, Chapter 4 outlines the level of abortion rates among European countries and then conducts a cluster analysis in order to detect groups of countries with similar abortion behaviour and to identify patterns of abortion behaviour in 2009 and 2019. From the resulting abortion patterns, representatives of each group of patterns were selected and their abortion rates and contraceptive prevalence were compared graphically. The last chapter of the analytical part of the thesis examines societal attitudes towards justification of abortion, where the relationship of social factors (gender, age, education, religious beliefs and...
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Czechia as a target country for cross-border reproductive care
Volejníková, Adéla ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Czechia as a target country for cross-border reproductive care Abstract Since the 1970s, economically developed countries have been experiencing a change in the reproductive behavior of their populations, with one of the main trends being the postponement of fertility to a later age. However, this trend is associated with an increasing risk of infertility, as the chances of natural conception decrease as women age. In this context, there is a growing interest in the treatment of infertility through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), which are regulated and governed by legal regulations in many countries. As a result, there is an increase in the provision of cross-border reproductive care, where infertile couples, primarily for legislative reasons, undergo assisted reproduction abroad. Since this is a relatively new and unexplored phenomenon, the aim of this study is to map the main trends in the provision of cross- border reproductive care, focusing on the perspective of Czechia as a destination country. Individual anonymized data on all initiated cycles of assisted reproduction in Czechia from 2016 to 2019 are used. It has been shown that assisted reproduction trends in Czechia are significantly influenced by the provision of cross-border reproductive care, as reproductive tourists accounted for...
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Assisted reproduction in Czechia: sociodemographic context of selected treatment methods
Waldaufová, Eva ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Assisted reproduction in Czechia: sociodemographic context of selected treatment methods Abstract In the context of reproductive ageing, which is one of the most important trends observed since the 1990s in Czechia, there is an increase in the use of assisted reproduction technologies (ART). This brings a number of aspects that can be the subject to a study in the field of demography. Mothers who have conceived by ART and mothers who have conceived without ART are different in terms of structure, and mothers with ART have the worse birth outcomes. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the use of ART methods in Czechia and to identify differences/similarities of mothers according to the way of conception. Not only to compare mothers with or without ART, but also the method of ART (in vitro fertilization, frozen embryo transfer, and oocyte reception). Three birth outcomes are analysed in more detail, and they are low birth weight, preterm births, and caesarean section births. The research is based on individualized anonymized data on mothers who gave birth in Czechia between 2013 and 2018. It turns out that there are differences in the structure of mothers according to the way of conception from the view of sociodemographic structure, health condition, and selected birth outcomes. Using the logistic regression...
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Metabolic aspects of the hormone replacement therapy in menopause
Fait, Tomáš ; Cibula, David (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Hořejší, Jan (referee)
The aim of project was to evaluate which of aplication forms of estrogen replacement therapy (in daily doses 2 mg estradiol orally or 0,05 mg estradiol transderma) is better for postmenopausal women from the view of cardiovascular risk. Oral aplication was conected with favourable elevation of HDL-cholesterol level and lowering of prothrombin activator inhibitor (PAI-1). On the other side there were elevation of tigylcerides and high selective C-reactive protein (hs CRP) and lowering of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Transdermal therapy was conjoined with elevation of HDL-cholesterol. Other markers were not influenced by this aplication form. Transdermal estrogen replacement therapy is more favourable than oral estrogen replacement therapy from the view of cardiovascular risks. The choice of hormone replacement therapy must be strongly individual. The knowledge of level lipids and other factors of cardivascular risk, could be helpfull during choice of aplication form, dose and contents of hormone replacement therapy.
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Reproductive ageing and multiple births
Kováříková, Eva ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Reproductive ageing and multiple births Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on the occurrence of double births in connection with the issue of postponing the fertility of women into old age. The aim of the work is to evaluate the influence of the increasing age of mothers at the birth of a child and the development of methods of assisted reproduction on the increase in the proportion of multiple births in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, to find out the differences or similarities between children born from single and multiple pregnancies in terms of socio-demographic characteristics of mothers. Based on publicly available data from the CZSO, the development of fertility was outlined, as well as the development of multiple births in the years 1950-2019. The extent to which maternal age contributes to the incidence of double pregnancies and the extent to which it is affected by the use of assisted reproduction methods was estimated using the method of direct standardization. Based on anonymized individual data from the NRROD in 2018, the chances of a double birth were estimated using the binary logistic regression method, depending on the age of the mothers and other characteristics. Multiple pregnancies are the greatest risk of assisted reproduction and can cause serious health complications, especially...
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Abortions in the context of low fertility: development o abortions in Czechia and Slovakia after 1993
Idlbeková, Bára ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Abortion in the context of low fertility: development of abortion in the Czech Republic and Slovakia after 1993 Abstract The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the development of abortion rates and structures in the Czech Republic and Slovakia after the collapse of Czechoslovakia i.e. from 1993 to 2019 and to compare trends that occur in both countries. The first part of the bachelor thesis consists of the basic information about abortion, such as its definitions, types and methods of implementation, and legislations. The second part frames the theory of the topic, specifically the development of abortions in connection with abortion legislation, methods of fertility regulation, abortion in the context of the 2nd demographic transition and contraceptive revolution. Subsequently, trends and structures of induced abortions in both Czechia and Slovakia are analyzed using indicators of demographic analysis and visualization in the form of comparative graphs. The comparative method of analysis also works with the prevalence of contraception, its level significantly affects the development of abortion and fertility at the same time and therefore ranks among the main factors in the study and interpretation of abortion trends. Keywords: induced abortion, contraception,...
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Determination of spontaneus abortions - the role of Apo E gene polymorphism, importance of selected congenital thrombophilias and thyroid function during the pregnancy
Kašparová, Dita ; Fait, Tomáš (advisor) ; Procházka, Martin (referee) ; Límanová, Zdeňka (referee)
Introduction: Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the most common complication in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate the causality of selected genetic factors - Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) gene polymorphisms, factor V Leiden (FVL), Prothrombin (PT G20210A) and nongenetics factors - Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (a-TPO) in the role of early SA. Materials and methods: For genotyping of APO E polymorphism was used PCR-RFLP. The detection of mutations in genes FV and FII was performed using by HRM. Laboratory markers of thyroid (TSH, a-TPO and fT4) were determined by an automated analyzer using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: APOE genotypes of investigated group of 410 samples abortioned embryonic/ fetal tissues were not significantly different from 2 606 adult controls (P = 0.653). In observed infertile group of 75 women with isolated SA was FVL detected in heterozygous constitution with a prevalence of 12 %. The prevalence of FVL in a group of women with early insulated SA was significantly higher than 76 controls (12 % vs. 2.6 %, P = 0.031). The difference of PTG20210A prevalence between women with isolated SA and controls was not significant (4 % vs. 5.3 %, P = 1). The prevalence of elevated TSH levels (higher than 2.5...
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Health risks of childbearing postponement
Vlachová, Tereza ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of women delaying pregnancy and parenthood to later in life. The aim of this thesis is to map out the health risks related to pregnancies in mothers who are over 35 years old, to find out the reasons for the later in life pregnancy and whether women realize the health risks associated. The thesis describes the health risks resulting from pregnancies in older women at the time of the birth and using the method of linear regression to analyze the dependence of the mother age of 35 or higher on the low birth weight of the live birth. Further, the issue of postponing pregnancy and motherhood is examined from women's point of view in more detail through the method of semistructured interviews, especially the reasons for delaying pregnancy and information about health risks. The results show that with women, who become pregnant at an older age, there is a certain increase in health risks; however, generally women are not very well informed about these complications. Keywords: fertility, fertility timing, health risks
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Metabolic aspects of the hormone replacement therapy in menopause
Fait, Tomáš ; Cibula, David (advisor) ; Češka, Richard (referee) ; Hořejší, Jan (referee)
The aim of project was to evaluate which of aplication forms of estrogen replacement therapy (in daily doses 2 mg estradiol orally or 0,05 mg estradiol transderma) is better for postmenopausal women from the view of cardiovascular risk. Oral aplication was conected with favourable elevation of HDL-cholesterol level and lowering of prothrombin activator inhibitor (PAI-1). On the other side there were elevation of tigylcerides and high selective C-reactive protein (hs CRP) and lowering of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). Transdermal therapy was conjoined with elevation of HDL-cholesterol. Other markers were not influenced by this aplication form. Transdermal estrogen replacement therapy is more favourable than oral estrogen replacement therapy from the view of cardiovascular risks. The choice of hormone replacement therapy must be strongly individual. The knowledge of level lipids and other factors of cardivascular risk, could be helpfull during choice of aplication form, dose and contents of hormone replacement therapy.
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