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Communication in Children with an Cochlear Implant: A Case Study
Boušková, Adéla ; Homolková, Kamila (advisor) ; Hudáková, Andrea (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to describe the communication of two children aged 5 and 6 who were implanted with cochlear implants before the age of 3. According to the children's preference for the type of communication, an analysis was carried out focusing on the production and comprehension of spoken language. For the implementation of the research, meetings were conducted in which activities focused on language levels and comprehension were performed. The meetings were recorded and later analysed in detail. A sub-objective of the analysis was to determine in which linguistic level these cochlear implanted children would face the greatest problems, which proved to be the phonetic-phonological level (more precisely, phonetic-pronunciation). In relation to this, it was found that children have the biggest problem in pronunciation in soft syllables, i.e. "c", "č", "ř", "ž" and in double syllables, i.e. "s" and "z". Finally, it was found that a child who was implanted at a younger age showed significantly better results in speech production and comprehension than a child who was implanted later. Key words: communication, preschool age, cochlear implant, speech production, linguistic levels
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Individuality of a courtship in semi-feral horses (Equus caballus)
Boušková, Adéla ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Fuchs, Roman (referee)
In most of the mammalian species the courtship is a very important event preceding the reproduction itself. In some species specific courtship strategies are well described, however, in horses they are not, although courtship may have a major impact on the reproductive success of the individual. In horses (Equus caballus), polygynous mammals with harem type of social organization, courtship naturally involved wide spectrum of behaviour, by contrast, under domestic conditions they almost do not occur. This diploma thesis addresses the courtship and reproduction in semi-feral and domestic horses, specifically Exmoor pony and Merens horse breed, and individual reactions of mares to the stallion in the breeding season. A total of 45 individuals were observed for 240 hours from February to June 2018. We assumed the similarity of courtship within particular couples, but the result of the statistical analysis was the opposite, a high variability in the behavioural pattern repeatability (ICC 0,235-0,832), which, however, did not correlate with individual mare characteristics, i.e. age (ρ=-0,194, p=0,472), parity (t=0,569, p=0,578) or postpartum estrus (t=-0,070, p=0,945). We also assumed that the mare, which would show aggressive behaviour to the stallion during the courtship, would end the courtship by leaving or...
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Social relationships in feral populations of ungulates (with accent on environmental conditions)
Boušková, Adéla ; Komárková, Martina (advisor) ; Horáček, Ivan (referee)
The adaptation of feral ungulates to the environmental conditions is important topic nowadays, not only because they often feralise out of their original home-range, but also from the behavioural point of view. The aim of my work is to answer several hypotheses, covering the differences in social relationship of ungulates in the wild and domestic conditions and their connnections to the environment.The thesis describes the frequency and intensity of interindividual interactions (hierarchy, aggression and friendly behaviour) and compares this behaviour between feral and domestic animals. As a main result may be mentioned the fact that social structure of feral individuals is modified as a consequence of restrictions of social behaviour in the domestic conditions (creches in feral goats). The enhanced fertility, which resulted from the long lasting artifical selection process in the breeds, brought also increased fertility in the feral conditions. The sex ratio at birth was found not related to the feral state or captivity. I suggest that aggressive and friendly interactions are more common in the domestic, not in feral environment. Future research should be focused more throughly on the behavioural adaptations of feral animals.
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