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Woman's and men's roles in the Iban tribe in Kalimantan
Remešová, Blanka Michaela ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The doctoral thesis studies woman's and men's roles in the Iban tribe in Kalimantan. As a result of the growing influence of the majority society, these crofters, originally living in the heart of the primeval forest, have undergone many changes in the last 20 years. They have to cope with a different lifestyle and values hectically imposed upon them to a large extent. This process influences the structure of the whole society, and affects also the traditional system of male and female roles. Through deep study and analysis of female and male activities, I have studied penetrability of the assigned roles, which start to appear as impaired or non-functional, and which determine the creation of new structures.
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Solemnity of the last decades in the Czech Republic. Solemnity of modern times of the last decades shown on some examples, focusing on the solemnity of the socialist period in Žďár nad Sázavou
Porsch, Josef ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
Zaměření této práce vychází z mého zájmu o obřadnost. Vnímám obřadnost jako velmi důležitou složku života lidské společnosti, a to i dnes, kdy se mi náboženství nebo duchovní život nezdají být převažujícím nositelem společenského významu. Domnívám se, že se přesto v české (nebo v euroamerické) společnosti objevuje i tam. Během mého výzkumu mě zajímalo, jaké jsou formy obřadnosti právě v takovém typu společnosti a jak obřadnost ovlivňuje život jednotlivého člověka. Morris (1997:187), Jung (1999:200), Murphy (1999:170) a další se domnívají, že člověk jako kulturní a společenský tvor nějakou formu obřadnosti potřebuje. Proto podle mého názoru mohou být podoby obřadnosti v moderní, zčásti nenáboženské společnosti, zajímavé zejména pro pochopení jejího současného fungování, zejména pokud se zaměříme na nedávnou minulost. Zvláště patrný se mi tento jev zdá na případě období socialistického režimu, který v Československu existoval od konce čtyřicátých do konce devadesátých let 20. století. Společenský systém, který se prohlašoval za ateistický (Petrov 2000:140), přesto vytvořil celou řadu obřadů a svátků, z nichž některé přetrvaly až do dnešní doby. Proto jsem zvolil toto období za těžiště výzkumu. Jak se ukázalo, podob obřadnosti existovalo za socialismu větší množství. Výběr případových studií byl veden okruhem...
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The process of Evenk assimilation on the territory of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug (Central Siberia) from the 1930s until the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the beginnings of national rebirth tendencies (until 2001)
Brzáková, Pavlína ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
In 1990-1991, shortly after the collapse of the Soviet Union, secession tendencies began to emerge in the individual regions and autonomous republics of the Russian Federation. In addition to the economic transformation, which focussed on intensification of mining of mineral deposits, the trend of profiling cultural differences and of greater differentiation from the majority Russian population came to the forefront. The National rebirth, as the phenomenon is often labelled, demonstrated itself especially in the construction of new museums, the activities of collectors and in the establishment of various folk ensembles and organisations. As I have been studying the culture of Siberian ethnicities for a long time, especially the nomadic Evenks living by the tributaries of the Yenisei River, I was able to observe the progress of the changes in the Evenk Autonomous Okrug and I was constantly confronted with the question of whether a real return to the roots is possible. The subject has brought me to the very beginning of the assimilation process that began in the 1930s; it interfered with the tribal structure of the Evenks and has not only led to forced russification, but also to an almost instantaneous shift from the nomadic to the settled way of life. I have attempted to reconstruct the process using the...
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Uig - local community
Školová, Markéta ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Šatava, Leoš (advisor)
Gaelic language revival is the focus of many linguists and anthropologists. There are many generalisations written about this subject. This study is primarily based on a case study of the Uig community on the Isle of Lewis in the Outer Hebrides. With the use of historical and current descriptions of the community, problems are outlined associated with the Gaelic language in this mainly Gaelic speaking community. Despite the high number of recorded Gaelic speakers in Uig (67%, Census 2001), I consider this not a true reflection of the number of people who can use Gaelic daily. There are still many families who underestimate and therefore undermine the status of their language, despite the official support of Gaelic Education by the Scottish Government. Interestingly, there is an evident passivity of parents to enrol their children into Gaelic-medium units at the Uig Primary School yet, many parents do consider Gaelic as part of their cultural heritage. In Uig, a rural area, the number of higher educated inhabitants is minimal. Very lately, a lack of housing, has appeared as a problem and the local Community Council must deal with it. Many of the people questioned in this study are witnessing the language shift towards English in their own families. There seems to be some progress towards a reversing language...
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Burjatian shamanism
Havlíček, Marek ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
After the political changes in East Europe and Central Asia at the end of 80s of the 20th century some latitude of religious liberty, which had been limited till then, occured. It made possible to restore original traditions and gradually return the religion from illegality back to the public life. Ecclesiastic and confessional institutions started to restore in accordance with those ones operating in the period of Imperial Russia. A very specific situation arose from Buryat shamanism, which had never been under the state and authority control like other confessions had. Buryat shamans began to restore and renew extinct traditions mostly by the way of studying professional ethnographical and religious literature and inspired by the new philosophical currents of the tardy wave of New Age, they complemented numerous gaps and deficiency with their own ideas. During the last 15 years several organisations associtiating Buryat shamans have come into existence. They obviously differ from each other in their specialisation, traditions they gather from, and even in their range. Some of them are local, others try to unite all shamans in the territory settled by the Buryats, but there are also small formal and informal groups gathering disciples of a master. All associations of shamans in some ways use traditional...
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"On the land". The original inhabitants of the north from the point of view of ecological anthropology
Boukal, Tomáš ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Maiello, Giuseppe (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
Work is concerned with possibility of the application of ethnology and landscape ecology methods in protection of the ethno-ecological landscape stability and landscape planning in the area of northwest Siberia. Valuable experiences were acquired from mapping in region northern Canada and on the basis of author's research in three northern regions (Sverdlovsk region, Jamalo-Nenets autonomous region, Russia and NWT, Canada). These regions are inhabited by original population in conditions of landscape balance threatened by outer factor. These conditions require to design feasible method of landscape ethno-ecological mapping and planning for region of the north-western Siberia.
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Islamophobia in the Czech Republic: the analysis of local press in the period 1996-2005
Vesecký, Jiří ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
In this summary I'd like to recapitulate the structure of this work, in particular the bindings between its parts. In the introduction I've defined islamophobia and relevant terms and presented possible ways of its division. A certain ambiguousness of the word "islamophobia" results from the fact that it's composed of two somewhat different parts. First one is the aversion to Islam and the second is the aversion to Muslims as people, especially immigrants. Both these parts are closely related and are often inseparable. That's why it isn't appropriate to use two separate terms. Nevertheless the difference of these two parts is in many ways similar to the difference of the terms xenophobia and racism (or neoracism). My research implies that in Czech press, the first option, i.e. the negative stereotypization of Islam as a whole, is much more numerous. On the other hand Halliday's concept of division of islamophobia into "strategic" and "populist" is based on historical context and as such is suitable mainly for the assessment of prevailing motivations of islamophobia on the national or larger level. This is also one of the reasons why I presented the history of Muslim presence in our territory, which implies that in Czech republic, contrary to the majority of other European countries, the "strategic"...
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Wedding of the Wallachian
Macková, Veronika ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the wedding ceremony of Wallachia. It observes this important act in the family ceremony from a historical perspective, based on analysis and comparison of data from the contemporary literature. The firt chapter after the introduction evaluates the bibliography. The thesis approaches the bibliography critically and takes into account the state of the field at the end of 19 century. The next chapter describes the general importace of the wedding in society and mentions the key attributes of this ceremony. Another part of the thesis briefly outlines the evolution of the Walachian region - Wallachs' coming to this area particular. The main part of this thesis contains a description and analysis of the different stages of the wedding, which are chronologically arranged. At the very end, literature used in this thesis is listed.
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Mikveh: the phenomenon of Jewis solemity. Notes about newly discovered ritual baths in the Czech republic
Žahourová, Ivana ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Krupková, Jaroslava (advisor)
This baccalaureate work is devoted to the ritual purification of the Hebrew in mikva. Mikva is a Hebrew ritual bath which must fulfull certain religious regulations to be understood as properly religious. All the regulations and order regarding the functioning, construction and water, which is allowed to be used, are stated in Misna in the tractate Mikwa'ot. The basis for the ritual adequacy of mikva is water which should have inflow and outflow. Mikva serves to renew ritual cleanliness of a person who became ritually unclean. This ritual dates back to the times when Desater made a commandment to Sinaji. The first people who practiced the ritual were supposedly priests. Those were impurified after the contact with a dead body, carrion of an animal or a snake; after emission of semen or spermatorrhoea. During the times of the first Church the whole population including children cleaned themselves from different impurities. After the deconstruction of the Church the law regualting cleanliness and impurities changed. Today mikva is visited by women firstly before wedding, then after each menstruation period and after giving birth. Men are no longer obliged to practise the ritual after the deconstruction of the Church however even today orhodox Hebrew and chasids clean themselves before important Hebrew...
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Woman's and men's roles in the Iban tribe in Kalimantan
Remešová, Blanka Michaela ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The doctoral thesis studies woman's and men's roles in the Iban tribe in Kalimantan. As a result of the growing influence of the majority society, these crofters, originally living in the heart of the primeval forest, have undergone many changes in the last 20 years. They have to cope with a different lifestyle and values hectically imposed upon them to a large extent. This process influences the structure of the whole society, and affects also the traditional system of male and female roles. Through deep study and analysis of female and male activities, I have studied penetrability of the assigned roles, which start to appear as impaired or non-functional, and which determine the creation of new structures.
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