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Family in modern American drama
Hovorka, Jan ; Wallace, Clare (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
This work analyses the American family in context of society and its demands. It focuses on the cannonical works of the Modern American drama, namely plays of Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Edward Albee, Sam Shepard and David Mamet. The playwrights are analysed in two distinctive groups according to similar themes they share. Tennessee Williams and Arthur Miller depict the family under increasing pressure from the outside as well from the inside. The unit disintegrates, members of the family escape and thus the unit loses its funtions. The pressure is imposed by the tenets of the American mythology that governs the society, which, in turn, influences the family. The common theme of the first group of playwrights is the feeling of loss. This comprises of two dimensions - spatial and tempoval. The second group of playwrights share the same theme of loss with its spatial and temporal implications. They are characteristic by their distinctive use of language that depicts the prevalent sense of doom, apocalypse, futility and sterility. The search for identity is also implied by the restlessness of characters. The detrimental effect of harsh business environment on the family is explored with regards to masculinity. The work shows the family in the context of the 1950s, an era when the family was elevated to...
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Elemental carbon in highly time and size resolved atmosheric aerosol by image analysis
Voldánová, Zdeňka ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jaroslav (referee)
In this study a new optical method for highly time and size resolved atmospheric elemental carbon has been described. For this purpose has been used image analysis of 3 DRUM strips with three size fractions deposited (2,5-1,15 µm; 1,15-0,34 µm; 0,34-0,1 µm). Strips were scanned by Fotoscanner HP ScanJet 8200 with optical resolution of 600 dpi. For the analysis of images Matlab program was used, in which the images are transformed to a matrix of grayscale values. The output of this program are time series of grayscale values for each transformed image. Because the time series consist of data in 5 minute intervals, for comparing with hourly PM2,5 EC data obtained from the Sunset EC/OC analyzer, it was necessary to have hourly time series. The precise method of this new approach to determine concentration of atmospheric BC is described in this thesis. In addition, it contains description of the procedures connected with calibrations and controls of sectional outputs. Using linear regression, the daily averages for black carbon are compared with daily EC data. Similarly, hour averages are compared by linear regression also. The analysis performed proved very good relation between daily EC and daily BC described by formula (EC ~ 1.0399 + 0,0117*BC). In respect to hourly averages, a very different...
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The effect of local heating on indoor and outdoor air quality in a rural settlement
Kozáková, Jana ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Increased concentrations of particulate matter do not occur in urban areas only, they occur in winter time episodes of high concentrations in small settlements, as well. It is probably caused by usage of solid fuels in domestic heating. The indoor air quality is closely influenced by the outdoor air pollution. Concentrations of size-separated PM were measured by a cascade impactor (PCIS) during two winter and one summer seasons in the years 2009 and 2010 in a village Svrčovec situated near the town Klatovy. Continuous concentrations of PM2.5 were measured in parallel by using a commercial photometer DustTrak. Following meteorological parameters were monitoring - temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, precipitation and sun radiation. The presence of persons and their activities in the house were noted. The average PM10 concentrations in Svrčovec were higher than average PM10 concentration in Klatovy. The summer average PM10 concentrations in Svrčovec were lower than the concentrations in the town (15.5 μg/m3, 17.4 μg/m3) and the winter PM10 concentrations in Svrčovec were significantly higher (31.1 μg/m3, 24.3 μg/m3). The average indoor concentrations (PM10 and PM2.5) were lower in the summer (9.6 μg/m3, 8.3 μg/m3) than in the winter season (24.0 μg/m3, 20.7...
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Estimating infiltration of quasi-ultrafine aerosol by the absorbance method: Air quality in schools
Stehlíková, Pavla ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Estimating infiltration of quasi-ultrafine black carbon particles by an absorbance method: air quality in Pavla Stehlíková Abstract This diploma thesis focused on the estimating quasi-ultrafine particles amount in school gyms continue previous study researched air quality in schools. The size-segregated mass concentration of particulate matter was measured in three elementary school gyms in central part of Prague, on periphery of Prague and in a small settlement Černošice during twenty campaigns, from 2005 to 2009. The mass concentration of particulate matter were measured by 5-staged Sioutas impactor. For this thesis we have selected samples on filters with particle size <0,25µm. To evaluate carbonaceous particles amount we used reflectance. Reflectance was transformed into an absorption coefficient (m- 1 .10-5 ). The average levels of absorptions coeficients were higher outdoors (14,66 ± 8,93 m- 1 .10-5 ) than indoors (13,64 ± 8,08 m-1 .10-5 ). The correlations between absorption coeffitients outdoors and indoors were significant for all schools (Spearman's correlation coefficient at intervals 0,834-0,957, regression slope 0,759-1,007), suggesting a high outdoor-to-indoor penetration rate. The weak correlation between absorption coefficients and number of exercising pupils (correlation coefficient 0,059)...
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Seasonal and microscale variability of PM1 and PM10
Grégr, Michal ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Braniš, Martin (referee)
The master thesis evaluates the middle scale spatial/seasonal variability of PM1 and PM10 at four sampling localities. Statistical significant differences in PM values could be crucial for a representative placement of a measuring station at the locality. A set of 7 portable laser nephelometers DustTrak - DT (8520, TSI) was used to record 5 minute integrates of PM1 and PM10 consecutively for each size for 3 days at 4 localities. The localities were rural, urban, background and freeway and contrasted as far as the main aerosol sources are concerned. At each locality, inter-DT distances ranged from 30 - 500m, 80 - 220m, 70 - 150m, and 30m and total area covered 290 000 m2 , 57 000 m2 , 29 000m2 , 240m2 in rural, urban, background and freeway locality, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for 2 dependent samples was used to evaluate the variability. As expected, PM1 did not vary statistically significantly (α=0.05) among DT's at all localities in both winter and summer. Contrary to PM1, inter-DT PM10 values varied significantly at background and rural localities, according to the Wilcoxon test. These differences occurred in 3 out of 50 possibilities for winter measurements. However, there is no statistically significant difference in median values comparison.
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Methods and prospects of CCS from emissions of energy sources in ČR
Pulkrábek, Jan ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor)
With increasing frequency of problems caused by global climate change, the scientific community trying to find possible solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. One of the possible solutions of this problem is considered the system of separation, transportation and long-term storage of C02, called CCS - Carbon Capture and Storage. This work is a literature review issues of CCS in order to determine the possible use of CCS in the Czech republic. There is a basic system description of CCS, the possible environmental risks associated with it, and finall summarize of the prospects of deployment CCS technology in Czech republic.
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Fine and coarse aerosol particles in a student's club before and after a smoking ban
Valchářová, Tereza ; Ondráček, Jakub (referee) ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor)
This master thesis was tasked to find out how the parameter of interior atmosphere changes at student's club "Mrtvá Ryba", that means atmospheric aerosols sized from 0,524 to 20 micrometers. This work tries to show indoor aerosols before and after the smoking ban and its comparison. This work describes concentrations PM1 and PM10, and their behavior per day. Concentrations was measured by APS (Aerodynamic particle sizer). The measurement was the first step in the non-smoking club, then processing with retrieved informations in CoPlot, CoStat and Excel, where the statistical method has done, and comparison with previous values. T-tests was used for statistics and linear regresion. The result confirms, what was it supposed to, so concentracion values are significantly different. The average concentration of all measured days (six) of smoking campaign was at PM1 13,28 µg.m-3 and at PM10 23,38 µg.m-3. The average concentration of all measured days (thirty six) of non-smoking campaign was at PM1 4,88 µg.m-3 and at PM10 24,61 µg.m-3. Resulting concentration of aerosol particles was explicity lower at non-smoking period than at smoking period. Contamination of interior enviroment is influenced by many factors. The most important factor is presence of persons and their number, concentration of outdoor...
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Ambient air pollution in Vlastejovice - the issue of local sources
Stoklasová, Petra ; Hovorka, Jan (referee) ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of air pollution in small settlements caused by local sources such as home stoves. It is focused on the situation in a small village Vlastějovice, which lies in the Kutná Hora region. The main aim of this thesis was to detect if local stoves are the main air pollution sources in the village. This should be proved by the calculation of all emissions released by domestic stoves for the duration of one year. Input data were obtained from questionnaires and were compared with the data from the population and housing census of 2001. The calculations of these two sources differ. These differences are probably caused by inaccuracies in the questionnaires. The bachelor thesis was compared with a similar publication: the Bachelor thesis of Petr Dvorščík (2009). I found out that the year emissions from one flat in a family house in Vlastějovice are higher than the year emissions from one model flat, whose area has a size of an average flat in a family house. However, it would be better to make a long-term emission monitoring in order to get more exact data and results.
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