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Development in reading in the Czech society during the last few decades
Trailinová, Kateřina ; Šafr, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with development of reading in the Czech society during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to explore certain factors, that cause probace changes in reading of books and what is the measure of their impact. The teoretici part describes the historical long-term trends. These trends include existence certain historical events in the Czech society, which were defined by technological progress. In the next part explains important words for this study (who is the typical reader and non-reader, reading culture, reading behavior, etc.). The empirical part of study is based on multi-dimensional analysis the certain factors, which impact reading in proportion to time and the generations (created age categories - young generation 20 - 34, middle-aged 35 - 54 and old generation 55+). This part of study uses data from sociological researches, primarily of social and class structure (1984, 1991, 1999 and 2006). This study uses data from the international research of International Adult Literacy Survey (SIALS 98) and data from sociological research ISSP 2007 (Leisure time and sport). In this regard, the research followed in addition to leisure activities, many aspects such as level of educational attainment, size of home library etc. Key words Reading, reader, book, education, age,...
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Alternative sanctions in the Czech Republic.
Mrajcová, Simona ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with alternative sanctions in the Czech Republic. It primarily focuses on the cooperation between relevant actors during the process of decision-making about the type of sanction, its execution and supervision, and also concentrates on possible changes of its use after the amendment of criminal law in 2010. To give a complex view on given issue, the thesis also shortly focuses on alternatives to sanctions and diversions of criminal proceedings. System of alternative sanctions is framed by criminal policy and criminal law of the Czech Republic and factors that have influence on functioning of the system are determined. Those factors are multinational structures (OSN, EU, Council of Europe), level of registered criminality, forms of criminality and public opinion. Despite the fact, that Czech criminal law contains quite wide enumeration of alternative sanctions, there are still opinions that they are not used enough and that imprisonment is still preferred and it causes overcrowding of prisons and it is burden for state budget. Judges and prosecutors advocate themselves and claim that the problem is not on their side but rather the conditions of alternative sanctions which are poorly regulated and so it discourages from their use. Also the non-conceptual attitude of criminal...
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Normal and pathological in Czech society in the second and third decade of the 20th century
Machálková, Aneta ; Fulka, Josef (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis examines connection between issues related to psychiatry and historical period of first half of 20th century, more precisely, the thesis focuses on issues of normality and pathology.... The concept of pathology is explored from psychiatric point of view, it regards everything which is understood as un-normal in terms of mental health. The main aim of the thesis is to find out how the society had delimited itself towards people with mental illnesses. Critical discourse analysis of chosen texts is used in order to explore these issues in more depth. A list of the most important psychiatrists is also included in the thesis in order to deepen knowledge of the historical period. Furthermore, the thesis deals with other relevant issues, such as concept of brain activity or Czechoslovak laws which were very important when defining mental health of the examined group of people. The thesis also explores relationships between society - and an individual or a pacient - and a doctor, which give better insight into the societal climate. The main inspiration was drawn from the work of Michel Foucault, who understood history from a similar point of view.
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Health within the frame of social discourse
Kučírková, Rút ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
The main goal of my thesis is to characterize the conception of "Health in the framework of social discourse" by the means of data analysis and analysis of supporting documentation of explanatory reports of governmental bills regulating the fields of hygiene, preventive measures and health protection within Czech republic, focused mainly on the field of public healthcare system. Theoretical part attempts to picture the above stated matter in a social context of modern society, to point out the ideological connection of how well-being of an individual is perceived in a social system in terms of its function. The main subject of the analysis will be explanatory report regarding a historical First republic law No. 332/1920 Coll., explanatory notes from the communist era - Law. No. 4/1952 Coll. on hygienic and anti-epidemic care and law no. 20/1966 Coll., on public healthcare. The last analyzed era will be the era after year 1989, which will be represented by explanatory notes regarding law no. 258/2000 Coll., on protection of public health and law no. 372/2011 Coll., on healthcare services. The text analysis is based on Analysing discourse method combined with content quantitative method. Text of this thesis is divided to theoretical part, description of the methodology, historical overview of...
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Ethical context of sexuality
Koumar, Jan ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
This thesis deals with moral values of the individuals and their relation to their sexual behaviour. Its aim is not a study of the particular sexual acts, but rather of the moral ideas, which people associate with sexuality and of sources of those ideas. It determines no generally valid ethical principle, which could be followed in sexuality; its aim is to be a probe into the existing ideas of what is good or bad in sex and into the reasons for assessing any given sexual behaviour as good or bad. Furthermore it explores if and how the individuals perceive any change in the attitude of the society to sex and morality, and what is in the centre of their personal ethical concepts. The description of these ideas of good or bad, their sources and a perception of changes in the attitude of society to sexuality are based on the research conducted among citizens of the Czech Republic in 2016 with use of a qualitative strategy. The discovered moral concepts are presented as such they are not compared to any existing ethical system. The first and second chapter of this thesis present a theoretical explanation of morality, sexuality and a their mutual connection, the third chapter summarizes in brief the history of sexual morality explorations and describes the methodology of this above mentioned research,...
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Attitudes toward the death penalty in the Czech Republic
Trojanová, Eva ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šafr, Jiří (referee)
My diploma work follows up Czech Republic inhabitants' attitudes toward the death penalty. It also describes changes in death penalty perception in terms of historical aspect, its presentation to public society, changes in approach to death penalty and violence in general over time. It deals with execution types development, executioner's social position and craft. It brings elementary thoughts of advocates and opponents of the death penalty and describes related contemporary situation in the world. All these chapters are included for broader context description to allow me better use and identify results from the survey. The other part of my diploma work is survey with focus on attitudes toward the death penalty in Czech Republic. It was conducted in 2012-13, based on online respondent panel, with use of quantitative methods. This market research survey was executed on Millward Brown Czech Republic online panel with sample of 821 respondents. Results basically deliver knowledge of relation between attitudes toward the death penalty and sociodemographics, main arguments for and against the death penalty, clarifies the relation between attitudes toward the death penalty and some factors such as experience with crime or death penalty basic facts knowledge. I also evaluated if respondents' attitudes...
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Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013
Zemanová, Nina ; Šafr, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis "Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013" analyses changes in evaluation of occupational prestige within the era of post-socialistic transformation (1990s) and period of knowledge economy (after 2000). It focuses on latent structures behind prestige evaluation and if these latent structures are influenced by evaluator's social position. A secondary analysis of data from public opinion surveys (IVVM/CVVM) from 1995 to 2013 was carried out. Structure of occupational prestige scale had consolidated from the late 1990s into these groupings: public servants, manual occupations, professional positions important for the society, other non- manual professions and security forces. Further, the author aims to verify the validity of Like-Me hypothesis (people judge occupations that are, according to their class position, similar, as more prestigious than others) and the shared prestige hypothesis (class position doesn't differentiate the evaluations, the notion is rather widely shared). Other factors that have influence on the occupational prestige are analysed, specifically some sociodemographic factors (gender, education, residence size), subjective living standards of households and primarily the historical period (the socialization cohorts) when the person entered the labour market. It was...
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Work motivation theory in socialist discourse of the '50s
Gruntová Kolingerová, Hana ; Štemberk, Jan (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on the construction of the work motivation theory in the socialist management discourse in the 1950s' Czechoslovakia. For that purpose, two texts representing two periods (1951 and 1957) were selected and subjected to critical discourse analysis. The analysis focused on characterising the place of production, the producers and the audience as well as on characterising the construed theory and the method of its construction. Furthermore, a change in the discourse was described; the fact that certain discourse schemes were applied prior to the onset of the communist power was pointed out; and certain differences in terms of construction of work motivation theories in the liberal West were illustrated. In connection with Foucault's concepts of subjectification and disciplination, it was shown that the socialist discourse can be understood as a method of construction of the specific subjectivity of the workforce, used in a strategy of distribution of human working potential of all citizens of the State that corresponded with the application of extensive economy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Czechoslovak intelligence service in Peru during the normalization period
Spurný, Martin ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Německý, Marek (referee)
Diploma thesis is about the activities of Czechoslovak intelligence service in Peru between 1970 and 1989. The main aim of the thesis is a detailed description and analysis of archival documents. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical parts. The theoretical part describes the context and history of the communist security services. In the theoretical part is also defining the use of discourse analysis and special attention is devoted to communist ideology. The empirical part is further divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the description of the intelligence hierarchy, its activities, political context and the role of other secret services. The second part focuses on exploring argumentation strategies, labeling social actors using discursive analysis. At the end of the thesis, research questions concerning the activity and language of a specific workplace of the Czechoslovak intelligence service are answered.
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