|
|
Angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia border zone
Nulíčková, Radka ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Brime, Tufikameni (referee)
Title of work: Angiogenesis in the border zones of cerebral ischemia The aims of work: The aim of this diploma thesis was to determinate the parameter of the angiogenesis after focal brain ischemia induced by photothrombosis in P7 rat pups. This thesis should answer the question, if there is some difference in vascular density according to the distance from the lesion and if there is some diference between the vascular density in normal brain and the brain with the lesion. Materials and Methods: Cerebral ischemia was induced in P7 rat pups with photothombic method. Intravenous administration of bengal rose dye was followed by illumination of beam of green laser over the cortex for 5 minutes at 0,5s on/off cycles. Bengal rose dye is potent photosensitive substance and the ilumination resulted in agregation of trombocytes and thrombosis. Cerebral ischemia evolved due to the thrombosis. After two months, the animals were overdosed with urethane and transcardially perfused. Then thein brain were cryoprotected and then cut into 50µm slices and prepaired for histological staining. The stained slices were the investigated under mikroskope. The microvessels in the cortex were counted and the density was estimated by stereological method. Results: Two brain with ischemic lesion and two control brain were...
|
|
|
Effect of nitric oxide on cerebral blood flow during neuronal activity
Strnadová, Petra ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Brožíčková, Carole (referee)
Name of the thesis Effect of nitric oxide on cerebral blood flow during neuronal activity Aim of the thesis The aim of this thesis is to determine whether the application of 7-nitroindazole, relatively specific inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, affects the baseline blood pressure. Furthermore, to determine whether the application of the substance affects the baseline cerebral blood flow and whether it influences blood flow in brain during transcallosal stimulation with increasing frequency. Research method The research took place at the premises of the Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Experiments were carried out on laboratory albino Wistar rats. The group contained both experimental and control sample. General anesthesia was performed to rats, stimulating and sensing electrodes were implanted in epidural area of sensorimotor cortex and Laser Doppler flow probe was implanted into the contralateral hemisphere. A plastic catheter was applied in the carotid artery for measuring systemic blood pressure. In the first part of the experiment, we tested the effects of 7-nitroindazole on the systemic blood pressure. In the second part of the experiment, we investigated the effects of 7-nitroindazole on baseline cerebral blood flow. The third part of the...
|
|
|
Angle in the joint and H-reflex
Stiborová, Pavla ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Title: H-reflex, depending on the position of the joint Aim: The aim of this study is to determine whether the position of the ankle joint influences the parameters of the soleus muscle H-reflex. We are interested in a change of amplitude, latency and threshold of the H-reflex. Method: To measure H-reflex, we have used surface elektromygraphy. We examined two different positions of the foot in probands lying on the bed on their stomach. The first position was with the feet out of bed, around 90 degrees at the ankle joint (rest position). At the second position, the foot moved the bed and was in position in plantar flexion. Stimulation were performed over the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa. The response, we recorded the surface electrode over the soleus muscle. Results: By changing the position of the ankle from rest to plantar flexion there was no statistically significant changes in amplitude, latency or threshold of the H-reflex. In plantar flection, we found a reduction of Hmax/Mmax ratio, which is probably due to reduced excitability alpha motoneurons through reciprocal ihibition from stretched muscle of the leg. Keywords: H-reflex, soleus muscle, joint position, surface EMG
|
|
|
Optical Signals of Brain
Konopková, Renata ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Intrinsic optical signals are the signals reflecting changes in transmittance or reflectance of the light illumitating the tissue. Registration of such changes can be applied for the detection of physiological condition in the slices of biological tissues (in vitro) or in the whole animal (in vivo). The aim of this project is to introduce this topic and show different possibilities for the detection of changing optical properties of nervous tissue both in vitro and in vivo. The detection system of both light source and attachment of the optical fibre to the skull of the animal for in vivo experimets have been designed. The proper experimental part of the study have been done in hippocampal tissue slices and shows the correlation of the tissue activity and the optical signal at level of ion channels, glutamatergic synaptic activity, glial component of the signal and mitochondrial signal. We are dealing with the source of the noice that we record while detecting rather subtle changes of optical properties. We are indroducing the software VisionBrain for synchronous detection of both electrical and optical changes. Keywords: Intrinsic optical signals, hippocampus, imaging, biomechanics
|
|
|
Influence of pressure-pain and vibrotactille sensitivity by isometric relaxation in a location with myofascial trigger point
Medunová, Kateřina ; Čech, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post-isometric relaxation (PIR) on pressure pain treshold and vibrotactile theshold in the area of myofascial trigger point. Methods: The change in pressure pain threshold and vibrotactile treshold was taken from the area above myofascial trigger point number one trapezius muscle - pars ascendens, and the vibration treshold at dorsum of metacarpal bone of the index finger. Fifty myofascial trigger points were examined (twenty-four from a group of probands with chronic cervicalgia or cervicobrachialgia syndrome, twenty-six in the control group). Results: The pressure pain threshold and vibrotactile threshold did not change after the PIR in the group of patients. But the threshold of vibration sense significantly decreased (nearly by 18%, p = 0.001). The result was opposite in the control group. Pressure pain threshold increased by 11% (p < 0.001) and vibrotactile threshold fell by almost 16% (p = 0.001). Vibration threshold did not change. Conclusions: The study confirmed that PIR can affect not only the pressure pain treshold, but also vibrotactile and even vibration treshold. PIR revealed an alteration to pain perception, vibrotactile and vibratin sensation in the group of patients. This alteration had not been obvious (visible) before...
|
|
|
Biomechanics of the reflex locomotion
Kuchařová, Lenka ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Otáhal, Stanislav (referee)
Biomechanics of reflex locomotion - electromyographic analysis author: Lenka Kuchařová summary: Vojta method is not yet in the professional world fully accepted, especially for the lack of conclusive studies that corroborate the veracity of theoretical postulates. Work on the basis of the analysis of the recording electromyographic (SEMG) in time and frequency Domain confirmed the muscle activity in the therapy of reflex locomotion. He pointed to the importance of the initial position of reflective patterns. The work outlined further directions of research, which should lead to the elucidation of the neurophysiological mechanisms of action of this method. Keywords: reflex locomotion, trigger zones, surface electromyography, frequency analysis Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Damage to oligodendrocytes and axons following endothelin 1 - induced focal cerebral ischemia
Brožíčková, Carole ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Konopková, Renata (referee)
Aims: The purpose of this study was to characterize the regional patterns of neuronal and axonal injury in immature rats following FCI. Methods: Experiments were performed in Wistar rats on postnatal day 12 and 25. FCI was induced by the intracerebral injection of Endothelin 1 (ET-1). Neuronal and axonal injury was assessed by the means of qualitative morphologic methods. Results: Our findings demonstrate that ET-1 induced FCI in the developing rat brain generates neuronal injury in the ipsilateral cortex and a distinct pattern of subcortical neuronal injury. The spatial spread of the damage to myelinated fibers seemed to be bigger than the extent of the area, where degenerating neurons were observed. Keywords: Oligodendrocyte, Focal cerebral ischemia, Endothelin-1, Myelin
|
|
|
Regulation of the regional cerebral blood flow during functional activation and CNS pathology
Mrázová, Petra ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Dudová, Agnieszka (referee)
Cíl práce: Zjistit, ZDA u potkanů s chronickou epilepsií dochází k dysregulaci regionálního krevního průtoku v mozků. Metoda: K vyvolání epilepsie u experimentální Skupiny was použit LiClpilocarpinový Model epilepsie. 3-6 měsíců po vyvolání iniciálního SE byly implantovány stimulační snímací elektrody přiložena sonda Laser Doppleru kontralaterálně od stimulačních Elektrod u kontrolni i experimentální Skupiny. Zmeny rCBF byly monitorovány v průběhu transcallosální stimulace se zvyšující se intenzitou proudu za současného snímání EEG. Výsledky: Stimulace kontralaterálního kortexu senzomotorického vyvolala signifikantní vzestup rCBF u obou Skupin potkanů. Tvar Křivky was u obou Skupin monofázický s tendencí rychlejšího návratu krevního průtoku na hodnotu Původní U experimentální Skupiny. Sklon Vstupné / dojít Výstupní Křivky was u experimentální Skupiny signifikantně vyšší. Závěr: Údaje o Výsledná poukazují na to, ZE JE rCBF u chronicky epileptických potkanů signifikantně změněný. Klíčová slova: regionální mozkový krevní průtok, epilepsie, transcallosální stimulace, LDF, EEG Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
The Analysis of the Effect of HBOT in Patients After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Jason, Tufikameni ; Prokešová, Michaela (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
The purpose of this report is to give an analysis of the effectiveness of HBOT in patients after stroke. This can be acbieved by illustrate the main pathophysiologic reactions, including inflammatory a reparatory mechanisms that all brain cells undergo during ischemie brain attack. The fundamentals of stroke where reviewed with the aim of achieving a clear view on the subject. Hence tbe recognition of therapeutic specificity that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOn offers. We also took a closer look on the basics of HBO, its history, physiological aspects, indications, the principles that accompany it. An analysis of methods, results, and conclusions of a literature review on the use ofthis therapy (HBOn to treat manifestations ofstroke in humans is assessed. Key words: Hyperoxygenation, adjuvant therapy, HBOT, therapeutic hyperbaric medicine, Acute Ischemie stroke, Neuronal cells, Non-neuronal cells. 21 Page
|
|
|
Shape changes of cervical spinal canal in degenerative disease
Jeřábková, Hana ; Dudová, Agnieszka (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Název: Tvarové změny páteřního kanálu krční páteře u degenerativního onemocnění Title: Shape changes of cervical spinal canal in degenerative disease Úvod: Jednou z degenerativních změn krční páteře je stenóza páteřního kanálu. Toto degenerativní onemocnění zpdsobuje četnou klinickou symptomatologii, především neurologickou. Kromě neurologické symptomatologie lze onemocnění diagnostikovat pomocí MRl vyšetření. Následkem degenerativního procesu páteřního kanálu dochází ke změně toku likvoru v subarachnoidálních prostotách. Cfl práce: Cílem práce je popsat tvarové změny stenotického páteřního kanálu a nalézt souvislosti stupně degenerativního postiženi s klinickými nálezy. Dále diskutovat možné změny v toku mozkomíšního moku v subarachnoidálních prostorách stenotického páteřního kanálu. Metoda: Diplomová práce je zhotovena formou kasuistického zpracování dat pacientů, kteří podstoupili neurochirurgickou léčbu cervikální stenózy. Výsledky: Statistické hodnocení výsledků prokázalo významné změny tvaru páteřního kanálu krční páteře v celém jeho průběhu vlivem chirurgického zákroku. K výrazným změnám dochází především u parametrů vyjadřující subarachnoidální prostor, ale rovněž parametry vyjadřující kostěnný kanál dosahovaly významných změn. Vztah klinického obrazu pacienta s tvarem páteřního kanálu se...
|
guest ::
