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Parameterized Complexity
Suchý, Ondřej ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor) ; Telle, Jan Arne (referee) ; Obdržálek, Jan (referee)
Title: Parameterized Complexity Author: Ondřej Suchý Department: Department of Applied Mathematics Advisor: Prof. RNDr. Jan Kratochvíl, CSc. Advisor's e-mail address: honza@kam.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This thesis deals with the parameterized complexity of NP-hard graph problems. We explore the complexity of the problems in various scenarios, with respect to miscellaneous parameters and their combina- tions. Our aim is rather to classify in this multivariate manner whether the particular parameters make the problem fixed-parameter tractable or intractable than to present the algorithm achieving the best running time. In the questions we study typically the first-choice parameter is unsuccessful, in which case we propose to use less standard ones. The first family of problems investigated provides a common general- ization of many well known and studied domination and independence problems. Here we suggest using the dual parameterization and show that, in contrast to the standard solution-size, it can confine the in- evitable combinatorial explosion. Further studied problems are ana- logues of the Steiner problem in directed graphs. Here the parameter- ization by the number of terminals to be connected seems to be previ- ously unexplored in the directed setting. Unfortunately, the problems are shown to be...
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Komprese zvuku
Dupej, Ján ; Obdržálek, Jan (referee) ; Lánský, Jan (advisor)
In the last two decades multimedia have become an integral part of our lives. However, we often face the two clashing requirements - limited storage space or internet connection capacity and the demand for reasonable quality of the media. Compression makes these two requirements more compatible by reducing the amount of data neccessary to store the media. This thesis concentrates on sound, particularly lossy or perceptual compression of audio. As opposed to lossless compression schemes, perceptual coders introduce some noise to the signal to make it better compressible by lossless methods. The tradeoff is an impressive coding efficiency provided by most of these coders. The point of interest in designig a lossy audio coder is to make that damage as imperceptible as possible. This is achieved with knowledge of psychoacoustics (exploiting the imperfections of human auditory system), specifically masking thresholds, perceptual entropy, quiet thresholds and many more. This thesis explains some of these phenomena and their practical implementations in modern audio coders. Finally an overview of select modern audio coders is given, including some technical details about their operation and capabilities.
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Generating of sound using additive and FM synthesis
Vlček, Václav ; Obdržálek, Jan (referee) ; Holan, Tomáš (advisor)
This paper describes the installation and use of created program as well as technics for sound generating (additive and FM synthesis) and options a ecting the result sound. It contains that part of MIDI standard which is used in the program and a small part of its history, too. Finally, it summarizes problems which appeared during creating of the program.
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Harmonic analysis of a musical composition
Hradecký, Tomáš ; Holan, Tomáš (referee) ; Obdržálek, Jan (advisor)
This work describes what is known about music theory and it suggests an algorithm for dynamic just-intonation tuning. Software Prelad (Retune) is an integral part of this work. This software contains the following functions: loading a MIDI file containing a musical composition; inserting microtuning instructions and exporting to a MIDI file; classifying melodic and harmonic notes; the automatic suggestion of a tuning in the musical composition with a view to achieving just-intonation distances between notes in chords; the possibility of user corrections of the automatic suggestion; genetic algorithm to find suboptimal settings for the weighting of criteria for classifying melodic and harmonic notes. The text of this work contains the description of well-known tunings, the explanation of melodic and harmonic notes, the description of the MIDI-file format and the description of the software Prelad (Retune). It also describes the algorithm for the automatic suggestion of a tuning and the genetic algorithm for finding suboptimal settings for weighting of criteria for classifying melodic and harmonic notes. This text also contains the user's manual and the program documentation.
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Mpembe effect - reality or fiction? (Hysteresis by water freezing).
Böhm, Pavel ; Obdržálek, Jan (advisor) ; Rotter, Miloš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to review theoretically and experimentally so-called Mpemba eect, where the initially hot water freezes sooner than the initially cold one. Based upon already published theoretical and experimental works, a list of circumstances possibly supporting this phenomenon was created and discussed. Some situations were veried experimentally. These experiments were carried out partly in laboratory using small amounts of distilled water (less than 1 ml), partly in "kitchen conditions" using the tap water (about 200 ml) and a commercial home refrigerator. The time of freezing dened by freezing of the entire body of water was measured using the inection points of cooling curves. Unlikely to the Mpemba eect (and likely to the usual expectations), usually the sample of cold water freezes sooner than the hot one. The Mpemba eect occured rarely, mostly when the cooler was covered by the layer of the snow and the hot vessel could melt through it to reach better thermal contact than the cold vessel. Other observed cases were mostly inconclusive.
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Gap – gep – gap?
Obdržálek, J. ; Bílková, Petra ; Mlynář, Jan
They presented the general terminological difficulties in technical language continuum physics. In particular it deals with the advantages and disadvantages of the great influence of English in terms of graphical (typological) and phonetic
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The methodology of mapping, evidence, documentation, care, and protection of important avenues and their trees
Hendrych, J. ; Borský, J. ; Jech, D. ; Létal, A. ; Malá, E. ; Obdržálek, J. ; Vorel, I. ; Žlebčík, J.
Práce zahrnuje úvodní obecnou analytickou část, jejímž účelem je stručné informativní shrnutí současného poznání a komplexní podstaty řešené alejové problematiky. Na tuto část navazují konkrétní kapitoly v rámci odborné aplikované části: Mapování a dokumentace alejí (popisující stanovené a odzkoušené metody mapování, dokumentace a evidence sledovaných jevů a prvků významných alejových linií a stromořadí v krajině), Množení alejových dřevin (kde jsou rozebrány vhodné metody přemnožení vybraných alejových dřevin, péče o ně a jejich další pěstování) a Obnova a management historických alejí (kde jsou popsány jak současné postupy a principy péče a ochrany alejí a jejich dřevin, tak i používané metody (včetně zahraničních) revitalizací a obnov, které jsou významné z hlediska současné praxe).
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