|
|
Effects of the El Niño / Southern Oscillation on the climate of New Zealand
Brambus, Ondřej ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Müller, Miloslav (referee)
The climatic phenomena El Nino, Southern Oscillation (SO), their interaction (ENSO) and effects of ENSO on the climate of New Zealand is investigated in this bachelor's thesis. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first one (chapter 3) explains the terminology, general connections and conditions favorable for origination of an ENSO event. The second part (chapter 4) summarizes the main research related to ENSO effects on the climate of New Zealand. In this part not only meteorological and climatological studies are mentioned, but also hydrological or dendrochronological studies. The last part (chapter 5) is based on my research which examines influences in SOI (Southern Oscillation Index) changes to temperature and precipitation variables in New Zealand. During El Nino events the yearly temperature amplitude in Northern part of North Island of New Zealand tends to be bigger than the amplitude during La Nina events. This conclusion is based on correlation analysis between SOI and temperature datasets. Impact of SOI changes on precipitation variability was not confirmed.
|
|
|
Summary of hailstorm climatology
Brych, Jan ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Chládová, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to point out the frequency of hailstorm in the world per year. In the first part we describe the genesis of hailstorm and most used methods for hailstorm detection. In the last part we describe summary of areas in selected countries with the biggest frequency of hailstorm and its annual variation. Here we try to point out the spatial scatter of affected areas. Also we try to describe the most basic hailstorm - affecting factors with the analysis of frequency of distribution in individual countries. By these factors (geographical latitude, height above sea level, influence of topography and atmospheric circulation) we try to clarify the affecting reason of genesis and power of hailstorm. Key words: hailstorm, hailstone, detection of hailstorm, climatology, factors Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Moisture fluxes and precipitation in Europe
Lemarie, Petr ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šmídová, Jana (referee)
The present thesis deals with the influnence of moisture flux and variables, it is derived from, on rainfall in Europe. Sources of this thesis are the NCAR/NCEP and the ERA-40 reanalysis and the GPCC and the ECA&D rainfall databases. A western moisture flux prevails on studied 850 hPa isobaric level, it reaches the highest intensities over the Atlantic around 55th parallel of latitude. There is the highest correlation between moisture flux magnitude and monthly rainfall in winter on the western coast of Europe and it decreases in summer and eastwards. The correlation is very weak or none in some parts of Europe, especially in the eastern Mediterranean. Extremely wet months are related with different intensive moisture flux directions in different parts of Europe, for example there is the highest correlation of monthly rainfall with the northern moisture flux in the Czech Republic. Several selected heavy precipitation episodes in Europe are presented in this thesis - during them the moisture flux anomaly is observed, but it differs in orientation and intensity. A high wind speed causes this anomaly more frequently than a humidity. This does not apply to every event, furher research is needed to draw general patterns of moisture flux during high precipitation events.
|
|
|
Teaching of Atmospheric Sciences within Geography
Trtková, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Hátle, Jan (referee)
Teaching of atmospheric sciences within geography Abstract The concepts of meteorology and climatology have become increasingly sought-after by many people. Their popularity probably stems from everyday experience with weather and climate along with discussions about climate change and sustainable development, which all have an impact on our lives. This is also one of the main reasons why they should be included in the curricula of our educational institutions. This paper investigates the representation of climatology and meteorology in school curricula, describing the expected outcomes thereof. A survey was conducted, which implies that 78% of respondents do not include these disciplines in their curricula (SVP) and 48% are dissatisfied with the systems of RVP and SVP. The time scheduled for teaching of meteorological and climatological topics is eight hours on average. During these lessons teachers most often discuss the issues of greenhouse effect, atmosphere and ozone. The curriculum generally lacks a practical approach to the subject matter, which is essential for the skills and future lives of students. The next sections of the paper suggest several information sources that could potentially be used in education. The last part is devoted to dialectical aspects of education. It emphasizes the...
|
|
|
Potential instability of thermal stratification in the territory of the CR
Turková, Edita ; Kašpar, Marek (advisor) ; Müller, Miloslav (referee)
This work deals with the conditions of creating and releasing potential instability of temperature stratification, its occurrence in the CR and its influence on the weather. The first part of the work contains a theoretical basis necessary for the understanding of potential instability. Firstly, we describe the adiabatic processes which lead to the genesis of static instability and stability. Then we formulate a criterion of the occurrence and strength of potential instability given by the negative vertical gradient of adiabatic equivalent potential temperature. The second part contains the evaluation of daily, annual and year-on-year variability of the occurrence and strength of potential instability in the layer 850-700 hPa in aerologic station Praha-Libuš from 2000 to 2010. Instability shows no trend in annual frequency there. The highest frequency and strength of instability are observed in the afternoon and during summer months. At the end of the second part, we discuss meteorological conditions during the event when we may expect the release of potential instability. The event is characterized by strong potential instability, upward motions and low CAPE and is accompanied by showers and thunderstorms near Prague. Keywords: potential instability, static stability, adiabatic process
|
|
|
Relation among cloudiness, meteorological conditions, and orography in the region of Krušné hory Mts.
Rajtmajer, Jakub ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Sedlák, Pavel (referee)
The work deals with relation of cloudiness and orography with regards to meteorological conditions. The Flow over mountains affects the clouds according to the atmospheric stratification and velocity of flow in addition to the shape and the size of the obstacle. The next influence is the intensification of radiation. During daytime it affects cumulus clouds, during nighttime mainly fog and low clouds. Datasets of cloud cover from meteorological stations with different altitude and location considering the position of mountain ridge are used to evaluate cloudiness of Krušné hory region. These are Gera- Leumnitz, Fichtelberg, Kopisty, Milešovka. Annual cycle of cloudiness is characterized by two minims, first at the end of April, second at the beginning of September. The most uniform distribution of cloud cover during the year appears at the station with highest altitude - Fichtelberg. The influence of orography discussed in theoretical part occurred mostly in interaction of radiation, geomorphology and anthropogenic activities in Mostecká pánev region because meteorological station Kopisty dominates in cloud cover from November to January, from March to September it has the lowest cloud cover. key words: cloudiness, orography, Krušné hory, stability of stratification, flow, radiation
|
|
|
Convective environment indicies and their comparison
Marek, Lukáš ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kašpar, Marek (referee)
In this work I created the overwiew of instability indices and other characteristics of convective environment which can be found in the literature. On the basis of variables, which the instability indices are calculated from, I suggested their categorization. It was created five groups of instability indices: (i) indices of isobaric levels differences, (ii) indices of rising air parcel, (iii) indices of potential temperatures, (iv) indices of the energy potential of convection and (v) indices of wind shear. In addition to these five categories it was created the sixth category consists of other thermodynamic characteristics. In the last chapter I used the upper air soundings data and values of instability indices of the University of Wyoming for one storm in Prague and I compared instability indices to each other. The group of the indices of potential temperatures was the most successful in the storm forecast, except the Rackliff index. The bulk Richardson number from the group of indices of wind shear forecasted a supercell storm correctly. The work could be used for creation of instability climatology of the Czech Republic on the basis of the selected instability indices. Keywords: instability index, convection, convective storm
|
|
|
The actual stage of the issue of the climate classification
Minářová, Jana ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
The aim of this work is to create an overview of current climate classifications and to demonstrate the dependence of these classifications on the type of dataset and on the studied period. In the first part resulting from the available information in the literature the standard division of climate classifications into effective and genetic has been kept. Nevertheless, the first outnumber branch has been divided further into four groups according to their main characters: classifications (i) thermic, (ii) determined by vegetation, meteorological and climatic elements, (iii) delimited by marginal values of created indexes and (iv) based on symbols of landscape. In the second part the influence of selected data (station vs. gridded) on the resulting representation of climate classification is demonstrated using the comparative method. On the basis of station data accessible online for the Czech Republic and Germany supplemented for earlier periods by material from printed publications, the dependence of the studied period on the final output of climate classification is demonstrated. In most cases, there was a change of "Dfb" - (cold climate without dry season with warm summer) - on "Cfb" - (temperate climate without dry season with warm summer). The complexity of the issue of creating climate classifications...
|
|
|
Effects of orography on spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the north-east of the Czech Republic
Průchová, Kateřina ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šercl, Petr (referee)
The dissertation deals with the influence of orography on the spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the territory of the northeast Moravia and Silesia. The area was chosen because of the specific distribution of daily precipitation for heavy rainfall events in the past and also in May 2010. Cases of heavy rainfall for the period 1961 - 1995 are balanced with morphometric characteristics in the place and in the surrounding the station, defineted in face of direction air flow. For the calculation of the direction air flow are used data from 850 hPa level from reanalysis ERA-40, topographic characteristics are calculated by ArcGIS and they are correlated with the rain gauge data from stations ČHMÚ. The results show us that only the altitude does not have effect on the spatial distribution of precipitation, but it should be think over more topographic parameters. During the north and partially during the west air flow, where the precipitation are mostly from the stratiform clouds, appears a stronger orography influence on the measurement and on the spatial distribution, if we consider the morphometric characteristics behind the station in the direction of air flow. The case of south and east air flow showed us a weaker orography effect, which can be perhaps explained by a higher part of...
|
|
| |
guest ::
