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Impact of Educational Reforms in (former) Czechoslovakia
Hercher, Jáchym ; Münich, Daniel (advisor) ; Glazar, Ondřej (referee)
Název práce: Dopad školských reforem v (bývalém) eskoslovensku Autor: Jáchym Hercher Institut: Institut ekonomických studií Vedoucí práce: Doc. Daniel Münich, Ph.D. E-mail vedoucího: daniel.munich@cerge-ei.cz Abstrakt: Ve své práci jsem se zabýval dopadem školských reforem v eskoslovensku, re- spektive eské republice, mezi léty 1948 a 1996, které zaváděly a rušily devátou třídu. Dopad reforem jsem zkoumal prostřednictvím srovnávání příjm· mezi těmi, kteří reformou zasaženi byli, a těmi, kteří nebyli. K tomu jsem použil regresní nespojitost, která vznikla uplatňováním nových zákon·, a Mincerovu funkci lidského kapitálu. Pracoval jsem s daty ze šetření šivotní podmínky (EU-SILC) pro roky 2006 až 2009 a také prostřednictvím vzdáleného přístupu s Informačním systémem o pr·měrném výdělku (SES). V závislosti na použité metodě jsem nalezl nulové, či mírně kladné rozdíly ve výnosech z nejvyššího dokončeného stupně vzdělání mezi absolventy devítiletého a osmiletého zákald- ního vzdělání. Další výsledky potvrzovaly klesající mezní užitek z dalšího roku vzdělání. 1
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Essays on Labor Economics: Labor Market Laboratory in Central Europe
Dinga, Marián ; Münich, Daniel (advisor) ; Blien, Uwe (referee) ; Moritz, Michael (referee)
The first part of this dissertation evaluates the impact of a large and territorially concentrated foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow on local labor market outcomes in the Czech Republic. A difference-in-differences technique is employed for estimating the impact of a joint investment of Toyota and Peugeot on local labor market indicators. The results indicate a positive and statistically as well as economically significant effect of a large investment project on the local unemployment outflow rate, which is driven mainly by increases in the aggregate unemployment exit hazard rates for unemployment durations smaller than nine months. However, the impact on long-term unemployed was negligible. Moreover, a simple cost--benefit analysis suggests that investment incentives paid from a state budget would pay off only in a horizon of twelve years. In the second chapter, I analyze the causal effect of investment incentives on regional allocation of FDI in the Czech Republic during 2001-2007. An institutional setup of investment incentives provided foreign investors with financial incentives depending on the particular district's unemployment rate. The identification strategy is based on a regression- discontinuity approach, as the scheme's design introduces three unemployment thresholds...
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Empirical Essays on Unemployment, Inflation and Access to Human Capital
Franta, Michal ; Münich, Daniel (advisor) ; Blien, Uwe (referee) ; Galuščák, Kamil (referee)
This dissertation consists of three distinct topics within labor macroeconomics, applied microeconomics, and applied time-series econometrics. The first essay extends the standard methodology used in analyzing unemployment duration. The extension is applied on empirical data for the Czech Republic and France. Furthermore, unemployment dynamics are examined in terms of unemployment incidence and duration for the Czech Republic, 1992-2007. The second essay belongs to the field of the economics of education. It contributes to the discussion on the equal access to higher education. The theoretical (structural) model of an individual schooling decision is set up and the implied reduced form is estimated on a unique data set of all secondary school graduates in the Czech Republic in 1998. Finally, the third essay deals with the inflation dynamics. It draws on extensive research in the modeling of the inflation process in developed countries. Nevertheless, the focus is on developing countries where specific economic and consequently econometric issues have to be considered.
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Esaays on Corporate Bankruptcy
Vychodil, Ondřej ; Münich, Daniel (advisor) ; White, Michelle J. (referee) ; Weill, Laurent (referee)
Research Journal Articles Working Papers Research in Brief Series Dissertations Other Publications Featured Article Dissertations Date: Wednesday, August 25, 2010 - 10:30 Ondřej Vychodil: "Essays on Corporate Bankruptcy" Dissertation Committee: Gérard Roland (chair) Libor Dušek (local chair) Evžen Kočenda Jan Hanousek Abstract: The dissertation consists of three chapters on corporate bankruptcy: In the first chapter (joint with Ondřej Knot), we develop a model of a debt-contracting problem under bankruptcy regimes differing by a degree of softness. In the model, the degree of softness is associated with the extent to which the absolute priority rule can be violated. We show that when the degree of softness can be set individually for each project, then the debtor's tendency to excessive risk-taking can be eliminated and the first best solution can be attained. When it is given exogenously by a bankruptcy law, then a completely tough law results in a lower distortion from the first best than a soft law with a moderate degree of softness. The second chapter documents that the recent Czech bankruptcy practice tended to delay the ultimate exit of a firm when it can be expected to have a harsher ex-post effect on the firm's employees. Bankruptcy duration is regressed on unemployment rate, size and other...
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A global comparison of Czech and Slovak academic journals based on their Impact Factor (IF) and Article Influence Score (AIS)
Münich, Daniel ; Škoda, Samuel
We compare the scores in the widely used citation index of academic journals known as Impact Factor (IF) with the lesser known but more sophisticated index Article Influence Score (AIS). There is a positive correlation between the relative IF and AIS scores within fields, but the spread is quite high. The difference between the IF and AIS scores is caused by differences in the extent of journal self-citation and in the academic importance of the journals from which journal articles are cited. Czech publication output in relatively major journals tends to be concentrated in journals with a lower AIS than IF. These articles also tend to be concentrated in a rather small number of international journals. In many fields, Czech publication output is concentrated in Czech and Slovak journals, most of which have relatively low AIS and IF. The IF and AIS of some Czech journals are entirely outside the natural range of scores worldwide.
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Salaries of Czech teachers remain low
Münich, Daniel ; Smolka, V.
Teacher salaries, in the long term, co-determine the quality of teachers and education in schools. The relative teachers’ pay compared with salaries in alternative professions in a country also determines what ranks prospective young teachers recruit from, which of them ultimately become teachers and whether the best of them sustain a long-term career in teaching. For long relative salaries of Czech teachers have been among the lowest among more than 30 most developed countries of the world (OECD). Also in 2015, as the study shows, increases in teacher salaries only hardly kept pace with the trend of salaries of other tertiary-educated public and private sector employees. In the last decade, the unfavourable relative pay situation of Czech teachers has effectively not changed.
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Quality of publication output of scientific fields in Slovakia: an international comparison
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Kozubek, Stanislav ; Münich, Daniel ; Škoda, Samuel
This study covers in detail the publication output in scientific journals in Slovakia, based on articles published in the years 2010 – 2014 and included in the Web of Science (WoS) database and compares it with the output of 11 different countries. For our comparison, we have used the narrowly defined scientific fields used by the WoS to categorize the journals included in the database. The study compares both total publication output and outstanding publication output, i.e. the number of articles published in top scientific journals in the given field, based on their reputation in the academia.
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A national comparison of the academic publication output of the Czech Academy of Sciences: quantity vs quality and co-authorship
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Kozubek, Stanislav ; Münich, Daniel ; Škoda, Samuel
This study maps out in detail the contribution made by the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) to the publication output of the Czech Republic for journals listed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The comparison covers not only the share of the total publication output, but also the share of the excellent publication output, i.e., publications in top-tier journals of respective fields enjoying the most academic prestige. A comparative look at the period 2010-2014 shows that in the vast majority of scientific fields with representation from the CAS scientific teams, the CAS is significantly more focused on publishing in the most prestigious international journals of the WoS database than are others in the Czech Republic. Research cooperation by the CAS in the form of co-authorship takes place at the national level in various fields with differing levels of intensity, as well as differing in the qualitative focus of such cooperation. The sources for this study include the unique bibliometric data processed during the 2015 exercise, the ‘R&D Evaluation of CAS units for 2010-2014’.\n\n
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Czech research centres' publication performance in the period 2009-2013, by field of research
Jurajda, Štěpán ; Kozubek, Stanislav ; Münich, Daniel ; Škoda, Samuel
Evaluating Czech research institutions is largely reduced to automatized scoring of R&D otputs. The sole exception is the practice of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The results of the government’s evaluation of research centres, in the form in which they are processed and officially presented to the public, have little informational value for the management of the R&D system and individual research workplaces. At the same time, the system (of data collection about the R&D results, verification and basic classification) offers several unused possibilities, to convey valuable information about the quantity and the quality of research workplaces' publication performance both to the academic community and to the broader public. Our overview exploits these possibilities for results published in journals listed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The presented comparison is an update of the IDEA study (2015), the publication performance comparison of Czech research centres, mainly of universities and institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences, in the period of 2009-2013. The underlying logic of the updated comparison, its advantages, disadvantages, limitations and shortcomings remain more or less the same as before, therefore we refer the reader to the detailed explanations in the aforementioned study. The main change from the previous comparison (besides shifting the five-year window by one year) is the usage of an alternative citation index: while our previous comparison differentiated results from journals by the Impact Factor index, the updated comparison uses the Article Influence Score, which weighs citations according to their importance.
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