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The Art of Understanding
Groman, Hynek ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The purpose of this work is to bring to light understanding as a significant way of being of human existence, primarily based on Truth and Method. We begin our analysis by defining the structural moments of the hermeneutic motion from pre-understanding to understanding (and vice versa) presented in Being and Time. We will see how such a conception of understanding overcomes the limitations of classical epistemology. We will then be able to elaborate this knowledge in the context of Gadamer's modification of the hermeneutic circle. This will ensure a transition to a detailed review of the hermeneutic experience, which should prove to be consistent with the experience as such. However, this agreement will lead us to important conclusions about the finality of our historical situation regarding the incompleteness of any experience. This will provide us with a topic for the last part of the work, in which analysis of language will aim to show the language structure of understanding and history. The language event will be emphasized here as an event of the representation of the unity of meaning accompanied by the function of the question. Finally, we should deal with the ontological nature of language, which shows itself in its universal and speculative nature. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study of regulation of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis in C.glutamicum and construction of valine producing strain
Holátko, Jiří ; Pátek, Miroslav (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Svobodová, Jaroslava (referee)
L-valine is an essential amino acid with a great medical and industoial importance and the need for efficient bacterial producersof this amino acid is increasing. Corynebacteriumglutamicum is a suitable organism for construction of such productionstrainsandthusbiosynthesisofvaline and expressionofgenes involved in its pathway are intensively studed. In this PhD. thesis, analysis of regulationand modulationof expressionwas carriedout with: (l) genes,which code for common enzymesof all branched-chainamino acids; (2) genes,whose products are involved in the competing biosynthesis pathways of L-isoleucine and L-leucine; and (3) the genethatdeterminesthe key enzyme in the catabolism of pyruvate. Results were used for construction of C. glutamicum production shains with deregulatedbiosynthesisof valine, restrictedbiosynthesisof isoleucine and leucine and optimum distributionof intermediatesof valine. The production strains were manipulated via modification of promoters in the chromosome. Promoters of the ilvA, leuA, ilvD, ilvE, and aceE genes were modified by site-directedmutagenesisof their -10 regions. All these alterationsincreased production of valine by the modified strains. Introduction of weak P-ilvA and P-leuA promotersinto the C. glutamicumchromosomeresultedin an intrinsic lowJevel biosynthesisof...
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Material Fictions: Moving (Between) Images of Contemporary Art
Purkrábková, Noemi ; Svatoňová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
7 Abstract This master's thesis engages moving images of contemporary art in order to sketch out certain ontological qualities of the digital image and imaginary, as they increasingly spill out of all fixed frames and fill the spaces between screens, contexts, and human and non-human agents. Following Steven Shaviro's observation that digital media brought about a completely "new regime" of mutable technical imaging often independent of any preceding "real" space, but instead able to produce its own space-time, this text treats moving images as performative world-shaping fictions with tangible traction on reality. Instead of understanding their growing proliferation in terms of the often-mourned disappeared correspondence to some previous reality, depth or truth, it suggests taking their fluidity as an opportunity to rethink the very divide placed between reality and fiction, as it continues to blur throughout our interactions with digital media, and to treat images not as mere representations but as material forces intensively active in the physical matter of the world, as well as in our own cognition. To articulate this irreducible materiality of digital image-fictions, the thesis weaves together on one hand respective philosophical concepts of François Laruelle and Gillese Deleuze and Félix Guattari -...
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Framing of the Dangerous: The Artwork between New Materialism and William S. Burroughs
Hájková, Helena ; Kroulík, Milan (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to think through the problematics of art and artwork by comparing two authors - the New Materialism scholar Elizabeth Grosz and the artist William S. Burroughs. The result of this comparison is a philosophy of artwork that dehumanizes art and places the creative process in the relations forming between the living body and the dynamic forces of the earth. The most important step of the thesis is to analyze those relations that result from sexual difference. These announce the arising of art practices in nature, for they establish attractiveness and desire as mechanisms through which life produces excessive variations of itself. Another step is the elaboration of such conceptualization that frames sexual difference as a potentially life-threatening and dangerous principle through which the theory of art can be connected with the process of creation of an artwork as described in Burroughs's texts. Special attention is given to his shotgun art that focuses on capturing the so-called random factor of creation, which Burroughs interprets as something essential for the possible independence of the artwork from both the author and perceiver.
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The origin of aesthetic experience
Švancarová, Martina ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Roreitner, Robert (referee)
The thesis discusses an aesthetic experience according to French philosophers Jean- François Lyotard and Emanuel Lévinas. Both understand it as a sensual experience in which we are concerned with the nonsensual. I focus on the conception of Lyotard in the first place. His concept of immaterial matter is described as well as the gesture by which the matter announces itself, the role of an artist in relation to his artwork, but especially the horror and anxiety to which the matter gives rise. Then the text deals with Lévinas and his concept of impersonal being, which he identifies with the matter. Then the exotic character of artwork is described, and similar anxiety experienced within the aesthetic event is demonstrated using Blanchot's Thomas the Obscure. Approaches of both thinkers are compared and fundamental contradictions in their conceptions are revealed (the most important one is a different cause of the anxiety), which is important especially due to the striking similarity of both conceptions.
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The Problematics of Artistic Forgery
Kousalová, Kateřina ; Roreitner, Robert (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
in English In my bachelor thesis I will deal with problematics of art forgery. Firstly, I will focus on defining necessary terminology, introduce an example of counterfeiting from the history of art and I will point out importance of this problem in the context of the philosophy of art. The framework of my thesis will be an interpretation and critique of philosophers and aestheticians, who deal with this problematics. In particular it is Monroe C. Beardsley, Arthur Koestler, Nelson Goodman, Mark Sagoff and Denis Dutton. Independently, I will deal with conception of Tomáš Kulka, I will show critique that deals with this conception and I will try to introduce my own critique. The aim of this thesis is to give a systematic view on the dealt problematics and consequently show, that theoretical problem connected to art forgery and theory of the art evaluation is still highly relevant for philosophy. Key words Forgery, aesthetic value, philosophy of art, artistic value, Tomáš Kulka, monism, dualism, aesthetics
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Theory of Knowledge by Rudolf Steiner
Kasper, Vojtěch ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with the philosophical works of Austrian thinker, Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925). Focusing mainly on his epistemological thinking, its main objective is to interpret Steiner's Theory of Knowledge. This work is structured in four chapters. After giving the reader insight into Steiner's life, it goes on to deal with the development of his thinking and work, with particular attention paid to the substance of his first and truly philosophical (not yet theosofical- anthroposofical) phase of working life. Following from this is a passage on his relationship with J. W. Goethe, whose intellectual (and especially scientific) legacy served as Steiner's main source of inspiration, while also laying out the basic form of Goethe's scientific methodology and its epistemological background, namely its empirical and simultaneously objective idealism, which deeply spoke to Steiner and motivated him to write his first philosophical work: Grundlinien einer Erkenntnistheorie der Goetheschen Weltanschauung (1886). The third chapter approaches this particular work, in which Steiner presents and describes the theory of knowledge, as aligned with that of Goethe. Analysed and interpreted are the three main successive sections of his work, in which he expresses his notion of experience, thinking and knowledge....
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Autobiographical fragments in the modern German literature: selfperformance in the liminal autobiographies
Mrázková, Alena ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
Autobiographical fragments from Late 1 9th and Early 20th Century, characterized and analyzed in this PhD thesis, demonstrate different approaches to the crisis of the subject and the language in Modernism, and how they are reflected in the gerne of the Autobiography. Experimental texts written by A. Stifter, Klabund, C. Morgenstern, H. Mann, H. Hesse, A. Döblin, G. Kaiser, H. H. Jahnn, K. Tucholsky, 1. Wassermann, C. Zuckmayer, C. Sternheim and K. Valentin are characterized by the communicative openness, irony and wit; the boarder stmcture, liminal existence and crossing of factual, textual and language boarders; self-performance and the discussion of the relation between the text and the presented "reality". They document the most important changes in the concepts of the Modernism.
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Subject Falling out of a Situation
Míka, Matyáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
This work juxtaposes Michel Foucault's late thought on the issue of the subject and Jan Císař's thought on theatre as communication. Its objective is to outline the possibility to understand individual self-care as propaedeutics to the communication with others through one's own act. What follows after explaining the positions of both authors, is an analysis of the subject's situation and the subject's act from the position of Foucault's ethics and through the event nature of theatrical communication. Since Foucault's and Císař's thought does not naturally result in an integrated theatrological/philosophical concept, the final chapter presents a possible solution of the controversial issues consisting in going beyond the two concepts discussed with the help of Friedrich Nietzsche's early texts and of Ivan Vyskočil's dialogue acting.
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The Concept of History in the Works of Theodor W. Adorno and Walter Benjamin
Kettner, Marek ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis examines the concept of history in the thinking of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno. It systematically inquires into texts of the period between 1913 and 1932. Benjamin's thought is interpreted in its whole, with regards to his key concepts of messianic salvation, profane revolution, biblical fall, mythical positing of right, and actuality of the present. Adorno's contribution to the concept of history is examined on the basis of three early texts from the beginning of the thirties. The thesis follows first the evolution of the concept of history in the thought of Benjamin and then turns toward the relation between the explicated deliberations regarding the theme and the conception of Adorno. The major change which occurs during Adorno's accepting of Benjamin's terminology and thoughts lies in the fact that the concept of history is moved from the theological-eschatological context to the context of praxis. Key Words Philosophy of history, messianic salvation, revolution, myth, right, actuality, configuration.
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