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Effect of biological treatment on functional ability and mobility of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Hušková, Barbora ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE 2ND FACULTY OF MEDICINE Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine Barbora Hušková The influence of biological treatment on functional ability and mobility of patients with ankylosing spondylitis bachelor thesis Prague 2012 Abstract This thesis is primarily a literature search of knowledge about ankylosing spondylitis (AS), supplemented by two case studies of specific patients. The theoretic part describes the characteristics of AS as the main representative of spondylarthritides, including its diagnosis and testing methods. It also contains an overview of current approaches and strategies of a treatment. It focuses on biological treatment with TNF-α blockers. The practical part of the thesis illustrates the findings on the example of a patient with AS treated with biological therapy. It evaluates the subjective feelings in response to treatment and compares the results of treatment with standard therapy (i.e., without biological treatment) on another patient under otherwise similar conditions.
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Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data
Červená, Lucie ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data Abstract The main aim of this thesis has been to find out how to classify various categories of forest vegetation with a different risk of exposure to the tick-borne encephalitis based on the Landsat imagery. The legend used here is derived from the one used in the projects by Daniel, Kolář, Zeman (1995) and Daniel, Kolář, Beneš (1999) but has been reduced to only five classses with no overlaps in their definitions (I. coniferous stands, II. mixed stands, III. young deciduous stands and stand ecotones with a highly heterogeneous structure, IV. deciduous stands with a homogeneous structure, V. deciduous stands with a heterogeneous structure). The supervised classification with the Maximum Likelihood Classifier has been used on the Landsat imagery from various seasons. Difficulties concerned with the presence of clouds and varying Sun elevation across the imagery had to be adressed in the course of the work. The training sites and the control points have been defined by the field research and interpretation of the relevant orthophotomaps and Landsat imagery in 5-4-3 RGB composite. The mask of the forest has been created on the ZABAGED data basis. The time horizon of 2006 - 2010 has been the primary focus....
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Application of imaging spectroscopy in monitoring of vegetation stress caused by soil pollutants in the Sokolov lignite basin
Mišurec, Jan ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Homolová, Lucie (referee)
Forests can be considered as one of the most important Earth's ecosystems not only because of oxygen production and carbon sequestration via photosynthesis, but also as a source of many natural resources (such as wood) and as a habitat of many specific plants and animals. Monitoring of forest health status is thus crucial activity for keeping all production and ecosystem functions of forests. The main aim of the thesis is development of an alternative approach for forest health status based on airborne hyperspectral data (HyMap) analysis supported by field sampling. The proposed approach tries to use similar vegetation parameters which are used in case of the current methods of forest health status assessment based on field inspections. It is believed that importance of such new methods will significantly increase in the time when the planned satellite hyperspectral missions (e.g. EnMap) will move into operational phase. The developed forest health monitoring approach is practically demonstrated on mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forests of the Sokolov lignite basin which were affected by long-term coal mining and heavy industry and therefore high variability of forest health status was assumed in this case. Two leaf level radiative transfer models were used for simulating spectral...
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Nutrition in Gouty Arthritis: from Past to Present, the Real Possibilities of Influence by Nutrition and the Consequences of strict diet restriction
Látalová, Ivana ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
It is a short work devoted to a disease called gout. The work can be divided into 3 parts. The first part deals with the development of the disease and its treatment. It is also described recent pharmacological treatment of gout and the latest drugs for this disease. Because the work is treated as final in the field of nutrition therapy constitutes a large part of dietary management and diet, which is appropriate to comply with this disease. The work also includes research on disease among patients with gout. These patients were asked about their knowledge of the disease, age, gender and adherence to the diet. The research evaluates whether patients consumed alcoholic beverages. The project also sought individual doctor by profession, in which patients with gout treated. Research data were obtained anonymously from patients at the pharmacy. The research was evaluated using graphs. Results obtained in this research are not very optimistic. Patients have incomplete information. They are usually do not comply with diet. Most patients also admitted to drinking alcoholic beverages. Finally, work is a statement that it would be possible to improve the health status of patients suffering from gout, by following dietary regimen and compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Key words: Gout,...
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Epidemiological aspects of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and diffusional diseases of binding tissue.
Hánová, Petra ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Introduction: No information was known about frequency of common inflammatory disorders in rheumatology in the Czech Republic. Aims of the study: To estimate the standardized annual incidence (INC) and point prevalence (PREV) of six diseases (rheumatoid arthritis-RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis-JIA, gout, psoriatic arthritis-PsA, ankylosing spondylitis-AS, reactive arthritis-ReA) in a population-based study in two regions of the Czech Republic (CR). Methods: INC: Incident cases were registered on condition that the definite diagnosis was confirmed according to existing classification criteria during the study period. PREV was studied on the basis of identification of established diagnoses at a time point. Crude rates were standardized for age and sex. Results: Both INC and PREV are shown per 100.000 inhabitants. RA INC:31 (95%CI 20-42), PREV:610 (95%CI 561-658). Gout-INC:41 (95%CI 28-53), PREV:300 (95% CI 266-334). JIA-INC: 13 (95% CI 1-20), PREV:140 (95%CI 117-280). PsA-INC:3,6 (95% CI 1-8), PREV:49 (95%CI 40-60). AS-INC:6 (95% CI 3-11), PREV:94 (95% CI 94-109). ReA-INC:9 (95% CI 6-15), PREV:91 (95% CI 78-106). Conclusion: This is the first population-based study estimating annual incidence and prevalence rates of the most common rheumatological disorders in the Czech...
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Intracellular Concentration of Methotrexate in Erytrocytes and MTHFR Polymorphisms: Possible Association with Methotrexate Efficasy and Toxicity in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Tuková, Jana ; Doležalová, Pavla (advisor) ; Slanař, Ondřej (referee) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Objective: To investigate whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and erythrocyte concentration of methotrexate (EMTX) could serve as predictors of methotrexate (MTX) efficacy and toxicity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Genetic analyses and EMTX and folate assessment were performed in 69 JIA patients treated with MTX and classified as full responders (n=51, disease inactivity) or nonresponders (n=18, less than 30 % improvement in paediatric ACR30 criteria while on 15 mg/m2/week parenteral MTX for at least 3 months). Results: Nonresponders were treated with the higher median MTX dose (17.2 vs 12.6 mg/m2/week, P<0.0001), and accumulated more EMTX (217 nmol/L vs 106 nmol/L, P<0.02) and erythrocyte folates (763 nmol/L vs 592 nmol/L, P=0.052) than responders. Analysis of MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies in relation to response failed to detect association. The frequency of any adverse effect was 29.4 % in responders and 33.3 % in nonresponders (P=0.77). The frequency of 677T allele was elevated in patients with adverse effects (52.4 % vs 20.9%, OR=3.88; 95% CI: 1.8-8.6; p<0.002). The probability of any adverse effect was significantly higher in patients with 677TT when compared to 677CC genotype (OR=55.5; 95-% CI: 2.9-1080;...
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Immunogenetic and hormonal markers of predisposition to systemic rheumatic diseases particularly systemic lupus erythematosus
Fojtíková, Markéta ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Rovenský, Jozef (referee)
Fojtikova 2011 INTRODUCTION: Several factors like genetic susceptibility is required for systemic rheumatic diseases development. Immunomodulatory PRL effect supports autoimmunity. AIMS: 1. To detect the immunogenetic background (alleles HLA class I, II and microsatellite polymorphism of the transmembrane part exon 5 of MIC-A gene) of SLE and PsA. 2. To detect PRL serum and synovial fluid with regard to clinical and laboratory RA activity. 3. To find the role of the functional polymorphism -1149G/T SNP PRL of extrapituitary promoter of PRL gene in SLE, RA, PsA, SSc and inflammatory myopathies development. METHODS: Genetic analyses of pateints with SLE (n=156), RA (n=173), PsA (n=100), SSc (n=75), PM (n=47) a DM (n=68) and 123 healthy individuals: PCR-SSP (HLA clase I and II), PCR-fragment analysis (MIC-A) a PCR-RFLP (-1149 G/T SNP PRL). In 29 RA a 26 OA PRL serum and synovial fluid concentrations were detected using immunoradiometric assay. RESULTS: 1. The allele HLA-DRB1*03 (pc=0.008; OR 2.5) and haplotype HLA-DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 (pc <0.001; OR 4.54) were determined as risk immunogenetic markers for SLE in Czech population. In SLE versus controls allele MIC-A5.1 was increased (pc =0.005; OR 1.88). MIC-A5.1 together with HLA-DRB1*03 increases the risk for SLE development, pc <0.000001; OR 9.71....
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Topographic mapping of rock formations usig GIS methods
Bashir, Faraz Ahmed ; Štefanová, Eva (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Topographic mapping of rock formations using GIS methods Abstract This thesis deals with issues of creating 3D models of rock formations with data from terrestrial laser scanning, close range photogrammetry and UAV photogrammetry. The theoretical part focuses on explaining functioning and usage of those methods. Beside that there is described issues of 3D point cloud filtering. Practical part of this work describes data collecting and processing procedure. Further there is proposed filtering process which aim to remove noise points from point clouds and remove vegetation with combination of vegetation index ExG, clustering algorithm DBSCAN and Hough Transform. The proposed method is tested on the selected rock formation in Bohemian Switzerland National Park. The evaluation of the proposed method is based on comparison of models filtered with proposed method with reference models, which are filtered manually. Finally, the achieved accuracy of the models is evaluated using geodetic measurements. key words laser scanning, photogrammetry, UAV, point cloud, data filtering
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Biomarkers of subchondral bone damage caused by inflammation in axial spondyloarthritis.
Bubová, Kristýna ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee)
Background: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting primarily the spine and its adjacent structures. The disease is characterized not only by destructive joint changes but also by excessive osteoproduction, which can lead to gradual ankylosis of the spine and thus significantly reduce the mobility and quality of life. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood, but a strong genetic background is suggested, along with dysregulation of tissue metabolism resulting from an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mechanisms. We are still lacking biomarker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity which could help to identify early diagnosis, to monitor subchondral damage, and to differentiate rapidly progressing patients. The aim of this work was to determine the levels of potential biomarkers of connective tissue metabolism, fat metabolism and new promising biomarkers for both disease subtypes, their relationship to disease activity and progressive structural changes. Results: We have shown increased serum/plasma levels of connective tissue metabolism biomarkers (especially matrix metalloproteinase mediated metabolites), which were able to differentiate patients with early and late forms of axSpA from healthy individuals (HC), were...
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Importance of Concomitant Fibromyalgia in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus
Tomš, Jan ; Malý, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrom characterized by dysfunction of pain processing and regulation. It occurs relatively often in concomitance with the connective tissue diseases (CTD), in particular rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). FM may be involved in their final clinical manifestation and may have important consequencies for diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: To examine frequency of FM in the prime CTD, FM impact on their clinical manifestation and relationship to assessment of the clinical activity in regional, monocentric, cross- sectional, descriptive study. Methods: Study groups of 120 adult patients with RA, 91 with SLE, 30 with polymyositis/ dermatomyositis (PM/DM) and 28 with systemic sclerosis (SSc) were evaluated. Each patient was examined on the presence of concomitant FM according to ACR (American College of Rheumatology) classification criteria (1990). The following data were recorded: sociodemographic data, history including comorbidities, contemporary immunosupressive and analgesic therapy, laboratory parameters (serum inflammatory markers, relevant autoantibodies). Pain, fatigue and muskuloskeletal stiffness were assessed on horizontal 100 mm visual analogue scale. Patients' function status was evaluated using HAQ (Health...
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