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Fair Trade: Altruismus, nebo egoismus?
Pánek, Martin ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses the issue of Fair Trade. It tries to solve the question whether Fair Trade is an altruistic, or an egoistic phenomenon. The thesis explains how the author understands the terms "altruism" and "egoism" and then describes the methodology used to distinguish between the two. Special attention is paid to the problem of information asymmetry and how Fair Trade is specific in this respect. The thesis largely discusses Fair Trade as development aid and questions the effectiveness of this particular kind of development aid; it clarifies what role the problem of altruism plays in it. This thesis also discusses the issue of public choice related to the main topic. It reviews some examples of public decisions and links them back to the question of altruism. Using standard microeconomic analysis, the thesis is concluded with a statement on altruism or egoism behind Fair Trade.
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Transition of income taxation to taxation of consumption in the Czech Republic
Ruttnerová, Olga ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Šindel, Jaromír (referee)
Historically in the area of tax regimes an increased attention was focused on income tax. However, recent trends in theory and day-to-day practice suggest a worlwide shift toward taxation of consumption. It is generally assumed that collection of taxes through consumer tax is more efficient than through income tax burden. This document analyzes factors of consumer and income taxes in the Czech Republic since 1993 and assesses risk and benefits associated with transition between both taxes.
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Economic and Monetary Union - Basics of the theory of OCA versus Maastricht criteria
Paráková, Veronika ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Drahotský, Daniel (referee)
In my diploma thesis, I study optimality of the European Economic and Monetary Union on basis of principles of the Theory of Optimum Currency Areas -- OCA, with special attention to the criterion defined by R.A.Mundell. I point out some rigidities of the European labor market because of which this criterion is not met. On basis of an assumption that the more countries meet these criteria, the more suitable candidates for an entry of the monetary union they are, I reach a conclusion that EMU is not an optimal monetary zone. Nonetheless, the thesis does not ignore a hypothesis of the endogenous character of the OCA theory criteria, i.e. that they can be met even after an entry of the monetary union. Furthermore, with respect to the OCA theory criteria, I study appropriateness of the set Maastricht Convergence Criteria for evaluation of preparedness of countries for an entry of the EMU. The thesis also deals with potential revenues and costs of the introduction of euro in the Czech Republic. At the end of the thesis, I suggest potential alternatives of future development of EMU with respect to the current problems of the monetary union.
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Analysis of impacts of regulation on the mobile telecomunication market in the Czech republic
Kubátová, Zuzana ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Munzi, Tomáš (referee)
Liberalization of the electronic communications is one of the most important processes in the last few years. For control of electronic communications was defined The New Regulatory Framework across all countries in the European Union. This work tries to present the impacts of mobile telecommunication regalution. This dissertation is especially focused for situation in the Czech Republic through history and classification of telecommunication services, development of legal regulations of telecommunication in 20th and 21st century and the explanation of mobile operators situation in the Czech Republic.
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How to streamline public expendictures on research, development and innovation in Czech Republic
Najmanová, Hana ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Ždímal, Martin (referee)
The theoretical background of this work is based on Schumpeter's theory of economic cycle and the rationalisation for state intervention in the market research, development and innovation. Consequently is described the general background, which is based on the Seventh Framework Program and the definitions contained in the Frascati manual, and the Oslo manual. The analytical part consists of a sub-analysis, which focus on legislative and institucional framework in the Czech Republic and the expenditure, human resources and outputs of research and development. The sub-analysis is supplemented by comparisons with the position of Finland and the European Union. Part of the analytical section is an overview of programs to support research, development and innovation activities. Subsequently, the entire analytical part is summarized with the SWOT analysis. In conclusion of this work are outlined possible solutions to streamline the existing system in the Czech Republic in research, development and innovation.
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Natural and Artificial Life
Noska, Martin ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
This thesis is about similarities and differences between natural and artificial life. It examines how a combination of insight from the disciplines of computer science and philosophy can be used to address this issue. By applying the principles of evolution to artificial life, the paper shows the perspectives of this life form and its implications for mankind. Human history contains many attempts at constructing artificial creatures; however, this dream only became reality with the advent of digital computers. Although artificial life is built on different principles than natural life, is better to view both as complementary rather than as opposites. It is possible to speculate on symbiosis between artificial and natural elements and on the formation of hybrid life forms that combine features from both worlds. Artificial life is not dependent on biological cycles and its evolution can proceed much faster. It has the potential to overcome the necessity of death, which is characteristic of all biological entities. If we compare the intelligence of machines to that of natural organisms, it is possible to identify the differences between them. Machine intelligence has the potential to create artificial collective intelligence through computer networks that exceed the level of separate entities. Simple forms of artificial life, identifiable at present, will evolve in coming decades and raise a number of unsolved questions (i.e. ethical concerns). These issues are and will remain current.
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The prevention of child accident - economic aspects
Stehlíková, Radka ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
In my bachelor work I will attend to a prevention of child accident incidence in Czech republic. In the introduction I will explain some basic notions which refer to health and their impressions and the most often types of children injuries. The main topic of my bachelor work is the progression of child accident incidence since 1996, when special programmes of prevention of child accident incidence were firstly created and are succesfully realised up to this day. Then I will focus on the prevention of injuries and how the government works in this area (above all by government authorized National action plan of prevention of child accident incidence for years 2007 -- 2017), then on investigation of national actions effectiveness, prevention expenditures and non-profit organizations involvement in this problem. Major part of my work is based on economist Sam Peltzman knowledge who employed himself in economic regulations, then I will explore in detail the "Peltzman's effect" in terms of prevention of child accident incidence.
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Czech Presidency of the European Union and the Solving the Financial Crisis
Rozumová, Andrea ; Petrášek, František (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Michaela (referee)
This work is focused on the issue of the Czech Presidency of the European Union. It deals with the main priorities of the Czech Republic in this function. The priorities in dealing with global financial crisis are the heart of the work. Despite that the actions relating to the financial crisis have already been taken in the EU, there is still a risk of a slowdown in economic growth. The aim of the project is to analyze the ways in which the Czech Republic, as presiding state, will deal with a slowdown or even a decline in economic growth in European region and with the main steps leading to the recovery of financial markets and EU economy. There are specified macroeconomic and structural policies leading to strengthen growth potential of the country. In conclusion, there is evaluated present development in solving the financial crisis and outlined the trend for further development in Europe.
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Tha influence of iceberg melting on economic situation of Greenland
Chuchlíková, Zuzana ; Ryvolová, Ivana (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
The aim of this piece is to estimate the future progress of the economic situation of Greenland on the basis of available dates. To show whether the initiation of mining enables to separate Greenland from Denmark, which Greenland has urged for a long time to and which has not been available because of financial reasons. Thanks to comparison to progress of Norway, which depended very much on fishing before oil extraction (as well as Greenland today) we can see the importance of mining in Greenland. Besides mining, iceberg melting has a great influence on accessibility of this island (new naval routes etc.). The point of this piece is to show that climate changes and iceberg melting are not so negative and a threat for all areas of the world. It could also mean important economic assets for particular areas.
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Biofuels used in diesel engines
Voborníková, Tereza ; Písař, Pavel (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
Impaired environment, political instability in the countries which are the main oil producers, development of the local economies and utilization of the agricultural surplus -- these theses are the main reasons for using biofuels as the alternative. Ambiguous results in these areas and publicity of inaccurate information in media give a chance to various groups to try to enforce their own interests in that area. In this paper I discuss the recent situation of "MEŘO", the dominant bio-component adding to the oil, in the Czech Republic. I study the fuel market relations, production capacities, base of raw materials as well as the impacts of new factory in actual area. I try to find the answers to the most controversial questions. I come to the result that present first generation biofuels are the partial solution of the energetic situation, which could be good for economy and does not threaten consumers. However ecologists and economists criticize. My conclusion is that the investments on second generation biofuels and other alternative fuels development should not discontinue.
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