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The Board of Directors in a joint-stock company and the position of its members
Vojtková, Vendula ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Patěk, Daniel (referee)
147 Abstract Board of directors and the position of its members A joint-stock company belongs among the most important legal forms of business organizations, which, on the one hand, results from their frequency, and, on the other hand, from their share amounts in the entrepreneurial entities' incomes. The body, which acts on behalf of a joint-stock company outwards, which is responsible for the business organization management as well as for a lot of other rights and obligations, and which substantially influences the company operation and fulfillment of its shareholders' basic interests, is, according to the Czech legal regulations, a Board of Directors. In this Thesis I am trying to document, in maximum extent, a role of the Board of Directors as a joint-stock company's statutory body, to describe its rights, obligations and decisive influence on the company management and administration. Considering the importance of the Board's role as well as a historically respected separation of the company ownership from its management and administration, I have focused, in more detail, on issues described in the Anglo- American legal area as a so-called agency problem. Within the basic obligations I have, therefore, mainly dealt with the duty of loyalty, ban on competition, ban on internal trade, and duty of care....
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A comparison of Czech and Austrian regulation of unfair competition with special regard to the regulation of false advertisement
Mikusová, Daniela ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
59 "podstatně" vztahuje k jednotlivým osobám.164 V případě druhé části skutkové podstaty, která upravuje oblast B2C se nevyžaduje ani soutěžní vztah, ani citelný přesun poptávky. Spotřebitel se chrání před nekalými obchodními praktikami zcela.165 Závěr Poznávaní cizích právních řádů může být inspirativní nejen pro zákonodárce, ale může být také přínosem pro práci právníků v praxi. České a rakouské právo mají mnoho společného. Oba právní řády spočívají na římskoprávních základech a jsou součástí kontinentální právní kultury. Podobné rysy mohou být dány také společnou právní historií. Základem právní úpravy nekalé soutěže jsou v Rakousku i v České republice mezinárodní smlouvy, zejména Pařížská unijní úmluva. Kromě mezinárodněprávních závazku má největší vliv na úpravu nekalé soutěže resp. na sbližování právních předpisů v této oblasti, komunitární právo. Klíčový význam mají zejména dvě směrnice, směrnice o klamavé a srovnávací reklamě a směrnice o klamavých obchodních praktikách. Při zkoumání současných i v minulosti platných právních úprav nekalé soutěže lze dospět k závěru, že právní úprava rakouská má mnoho společného s předválečnou úpravou v ZPNS. Důvodem podobností je zřejmě společný vzor, kterým byl německý zákon proti nekalé soutěži z roku 1909. V Rakousku je právo nekalé soutěže upraveno, stejně jako...
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Rights and duties of members of a limited liability company
Humplik, Jan ; Černá, Stanislava (referee) ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor)
61 RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF MEMBERS OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY The limited liability company is the most popular form of business organizations. The popularity can be found especially in the simplicity of its foundation and in the following not too formalized management of the company (main advantages when compared with the joint stock company). The regulation of rights and duties of members in the Commercial Code is only a partial regulation in the relation towards the regulation of the whole limited liability company. Nevertheless, this regulation, and this is absolutely logical, merges with the regulation of other institutions for the most part and without the knowledge of the other parts it may not be comprehended in the correct way. And so the particular right or duty will usually tell us nothing about the particular position of the member in the company. That is why it is necessary to comprehend all rights and duties in mutual relations. In my work I concentrated on the analysis of the position of the member of a limited liability company which is mostly created by particular rights and duties. Obviously, I focused more on the most basic rights (the right to share the profit, the right to participate in managing the company) and the most basic duties (the duty to pay off the contribution to the...
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Czech and European law of corporate groups
Pudlačová, Šárka ; Patěk, Daniel (referee) ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor)
Czech and European law of groups Résumé: We are in a time of dynamic evolution. It comes to integration and globalisation. Groups of companies are usual economic phenomenon. Groups of companies are to be seen as a legitimate way of doing business. They bring the positive aspects, for example economize costs. But they bring the negative aspects too. They may present specific risk for shareholders and creditors in various ways. It is necessity to have a good regulation of groups for legal protection third subjects. My dissertation work is about groups of companies and their regulation in Czech and European rule of law. Our rule of law is influenced by European rule of law. I describe regulation of this problem in other rules of law at first. I selected French and German regulations of this problem because these regulations are more or less a model for the others. A foundation of German regulation is on wide protection of shareholders, creditors and incorporate companies after a formation of group. German regulation differentiates real groups from contractual groups and consequences which are connecting with them. French system of regulation groups is standing on Rozemblum conception. It is the conception which results from a judgement of a court. In this case a mother company can give daughter company...
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Abuse of majority or minority votes in a capital company
Novotná, Jana ; Patěk, Daniel (referee) ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor)
Title: The Abuse of the Majority and the Minority of Voting Rights in the Corporation. Prague 2008. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Law. Department of Commercial Law. Supervisor Prof. JUDr. Stanislava Černa, CSc. The duty of loyalty principle applied to all members of a business company is the subject of my thesis. Legal rules regulating this principle are included especially in the Act No. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code as amended as a part of laws regulating business companies. However it is also based on general principles of Act No. 40/1964 Coll., The Civil Code as amended. This principle is applicable to all business companies. However in case of personal corporations, i.e. unlimited liability companies and limited partnership companies, the principle is not violated to a significant extent thanks to close relations between the company itself and the company members. The most significant violation of this principle is apparent in corporations, especially in joint stock companies, because the nature of such companies allows existence of minor shares. The rules included in Sec. 56a of the Commercial Code apply to all companies. According to this regulation, it is forbidden to abuse majority and minority of votes in the company. Clause 2 prohibits any activities aimed to...
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European and Czech principles of contract law
Horáková, Monika ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Oehm, Jaroslav (referee)
8 Summary European and Czech Principles of Contract Law This thesis is focused on principles of contract law. In the first instance, it explains the theoretical conception of principles of law and adverts to their status in the Czech legal system. The second Chapter of the thesis dissertates about basic principles of the Czech private law starting with the principle of freedom of contract, ends with the principles of good faith and fair dealing. The main part of the thesis deals with the European principles of contract law. A contract is an indispensable instrument of a market economy. There is a close relationship between the European contract law and a proper functioning of the Single European Market. The European Union as an economic community requires harmonisation of private law, mainly the branch of contract law, to eliminate those differences between national laws which are inimical to the efficient cross-border business within Europe. The Commission on European Contract Law, as an independent body of legal experts from all the Member States of the European Union, under the chairmanship of Professor Ole Lando, started the way towards the consolidation of European contract law. It established the Principles of European Contract Law as a response to the need for a Union-wide infrastructure of contract...
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Unfair competition
Hajžin, Lukáš ; Černá, Stanislava (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Resumé My diploma thesis is focused on unfair competition in the law of Czech Republic. The law of unfair competition is a coherent field of regulation as regards the economic competition. This sub-branch of law is a specific area of the civil law systems. Whilst antitrust, mergers and dominance on the market are subjects to the statutes using administrative methods of regulation. Competitors who used the unfair practices can be sued in civil proceedings directly by those harmed by such behavior. This thesis has two main parts, both divided into chapters and sub-chapters. First part deals with the legal regulation of unfair competition in Czech Republic and in second part I compare Czech regulation of unfair competition with the Polish one. Firs of all I explain the reader the terms "economic competition" and "unfair competition". The following chapter is devoted to the history of unfair competition, especially the beginning of legal regulations, international treaties related to unfair competition and the history of Czechoslovak and Czech legal regulation. The key point of my thesis is the analysis of legal regulation of unfair competition in Czech Commercial Code (Act 513/1991 Sb). I have primarily focused on a general provision of the unfair competition, relation of this general provision to provisions...
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