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Removal of selected organic pollutants from water using advanced oxidation processes
Dalajková, Nikola ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is the determination of selected organic pollutants with a focus on artificial sweeteners in waste water from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Modřice and the subsequent degradation of the thus obtained concentrations in model water using advanced oxidation processes (AOP). Two sweeteners were determined, namely sucralose and saccharin found in waste water. Synthetic sweeteners are not sufficiently cleaned in the WWTP and penetrate the environment. Effective processes for removing organic substances, including alternative sweeteners, are AOP processes. These processes are based on reactions of highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH·), which is produced by many chemical reactions. Generally, they use ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). On sampling, wastewater samples were treated with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) and then evaluated by HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography). In observing the degradation of selected sweeteners, three AOP methods were used: O3/UV, H2O2/UV and O3/H2O2. For each of these methods, the efficiency of degradation of sucralose and saccharin was investigated. From the evaluated data it was found that the most efficient AOP process for removing artificial sweeteners from water is the O3/H2O2 method.
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Drugs and possibility of their elimination in sewage waters
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with issue of increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and its influence on the environment. In the Czech Republic the pharmaceuticals from the benzodiazepine group are still widely prescribed and used by patients. There was tracked four representatives of this group alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam and oxazepam which are indicated for therapy of insomnia, psychiatric diseases but also like a general anesthetics or antiepileptics. Presence of this pharmaceuticals is being repeatedly confirmed in wastewaters and surface waters troughout the whole Europe and other developed countries even though their negative effects for the water ecosystem are known. The target od this thesis is to optimalizethe methods for determination of choosen pharmaceuticals in watewaters in Brno and surrounded area. There was also evaluatedthe hazard level for water ecosystem related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in target matrices which were the wastewaters from wastewater treatment plants in towns Brno – Modřice and from two another towns in south Moravia. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were tracked in the influents and effluents. The analytes were isolated from the matrices by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantificated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with detection by the diode array (DAD).
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Removing organic contamination from water, using UV radiation.
Venská, Petra ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on possibilities of applications of UV radiation to remove pollutants from water. It summarizes sources of UV radiation and list their benefits and properties. The thesis characterizes so called advanced oxidation processes using UV light. Degradation pathways od pyridine and its derivatives especially halogenated pyridines are described. The photodegradability of pyridine and a rate of this reaction in model water is investigated in the experimental part. Also, the effect of concentration and dose of H2O2 is assessed. Gas chromatography was used to determinate concentrations of pyridine in samples.
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Monitoring of selected parameters in the wastewater treatment process in the various WWTP
Dalajková, Nikola ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This work is focused on wastewater treatment, specifically the WWTP Brno Modřice. Described herein are the general technological parameters of large and medium-sized wastewater treatment plants and wastewater treatment process in the WWTP Brno Modřice. The greatest emphasis is on biological phase of waste water treatment. Purification employs chemical, biological and physical cleaning processes. To determine the effectivness of the treatment plants various indicators are used such as COD, BOD, Ntotal and Ptotal whose the maximum permissible values are established in accordance to norm. The basis of biological treatment is the activated sludge containing microorganisms, by which the effectiveness of the cleaning process is determined. These microorganisms are determined qualitatively and quantitatively. To compare the efficiency measurements of activated sludge were also made at two other wastewater treatment plants. These values were then compared in the experimental part of the work.
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Monitoring of the contents of phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater
Herka, Milan ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This master´s thesis is focused on the occurrence of phosphorus and nitrogen in effluents and methods of their determination. In the theoretical part of the thesis describes methods for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in waste waters, their selection and optimization methods including mobile analytics. Experimental section is devoted to the abstraction of wastewater from selected wastewater treatment plants and their analysis methods including mobile analytics and comparing them with the presentation of their results. The conclusion is drawn evaluate the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater influent and effluent from wastewater treatment plants and compared the variation of these values during the one-month study and compared with published data.
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Determination of tensides in waste and waste waters
Sigetová, Martina ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Surfactants belong to the surface active agents with the ability to reduce surface tension, which is used mainly in detergents and cleaners. The diploma thesis is focused on the determination of surfactants in waste and waste waters. The theoretical part describes the basic properties of surfactants, their distribution, valid legislation in the EU and SR in the field of working with these materials and a variety of analytical methods for the determination of these substances. The conclusion of the thesis is to evaluate the results of measuring the concentration of anionic surfactants, which were determined in samples of waste water and sludge.
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Classification of material used for the construction of garden ponds
Sýkora, Jiří ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This thesis deals with the study of the occurrence forms of inorganic phosphorus in water garden ponds and used material impact on the amount of releasable amount of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water medium. The practical part of this work focuses on the analysis and subsequent classification of building materials for the production of garden ponds just by releasing ability of phosphorus in the form of phosphates in the water.
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Synthesis and properties evaluation attempts in new highermolecular conjugated systems applied for optoelectronics.
Skrášek, Martin ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Potáček, Milan (advisor)
The aim of this project was a literature search on application of organic semiconductors in optoelectronics and on synthesis of higher molecular conjugated precursors containing C=N bonds. Project is divided into theoretical section, experimental section and discussion. Theoretical part is focused on conductivity in organic compounds, principle of absorption and emission of energy radiation and its application in organic light-emitting diodes. There are also described reactions, which can be used for syntheses of target substances. Subject of the experimental section is synthesis of planned structures and their structure characterization. In the discussion part detailed description of the used methods is presented, problems with their application and final results.
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