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Analysis of stylistic features in English and Czech radio debates
Neubauerová, Alena ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This MA thesis focuses on the stylistically marked features that occur in an English radio debate called Any Questions? aired by BBC - Radio 4 and a Czech radio debate called Speciál Martina Veselovského aired on Český rozhlas 1 - Radiožurnál. Stylistically marked features are restricted to certain kinds of social context: in the case of this thesis, it is two radio debates broadcast by public service media. Those linguistics features that are considered stylistically marked in the two debates are identified on the morphological, syntactical and lexical level, and classified into categories based upon a view of their functions. Subsequently, they are described as standard or nonstandard. Some of the features found are shared by both debates. However, some are, due to the different language systems concerned, symptomatic of only one of the languages. The difference between the English and the Czech stylistically marked features is also revealed as to the frequency of their occurrence. Finally, the conclusions about the level of informality of the two debates are drawn.
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English adverbial participial constructions and their Czech and French translation counterparts
Chmelařová, Jitka ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
Participial constructions are usually studied as means of complex condensation, the degree of which is directly related with the typology of the given language. The present thesis focuses rather on the functions of these constructions in English and their reflection in Czech and French translation counterparts. Previous research suggests that syntactic congruence will be rare. Translation counterparts should include instances of coordination and subordination, the latter of which is associated with explicitation of the implied semantic relations. Excerpts for the analysis are drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. The 100 excerpts of English adverbial participial constructions were excerpted only from original English texts, along with their Czech and French translation counterparts. The present BA thesis focuses only on -ing participial constructions. The excerpts are analysed in terms of the English construction (syntactic structure, degree of integration, position, presence of subordinators, semantic relation to the superordinate clause) and in terms of the type of translation correspondence in both languages (congruent/ divergent counterpart, its syntactic structure and function).
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The word-formation process of conversion in the language of internet PC games forums and reviews
Filipová, Anežka ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Klégr, Aleš (referee)
The thesis treats grammatical conversion as a word formation process. Conversion is characteristic of the English language and on the basis of the frequency of its usage, in both the formal and the informal registers, it may be suggested that this process has no limitations. The colloquial language, however, is especially prone to make use of this word formation process. Moreover, due to its relatively recent occurrence in the word formation system, it may be proposed that conversion has the potential of even wider use in the future in creating new lexicon. The thesis attempts to show that this potential is already evident in the synchronous state of the language, not only in the high productivity of conversion, but also due to its versatility.
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Destiny of French as a Language of Diplomacy: Situation in the Czech Republic
Malá, Markéta ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with the current status of French as a language of diplomacy and with the role and the position of French in the Czech Republic. The goal of the theoretical part is to define the term diplomacy, to summarize significant periods of French language in the history of diplomacy, to deal with the factors which influence language status and to observe competitors of French. It focuses on six selected languages: English, Spanish, Russian, German, Arabic and Chinese. It is trying to show the particularities of French as a diplomatic language. In the practical part, its goal is firstly to outline diplomatic organizations in our country and to describe their function. On the basis of the latest statistics and other collected data by means of interviews, the thesis illustrates the changes which can be traced in the language recently. Concerning the Czech Republic, it shows the changes caused by the accession to the EU and by the introduction of the CEFRL. In the end, it suggests three possible hypotheses of subsequent development of the French language in the world. KEYWORDS French language, status, diplomacy, global language, evolution, competitors, diplomatic organizations, language education
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Non-projectivity in English and Czech
Čermáková, Kristýna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This thesis analyzes non-projective constructions in English and Czech. It is based on the functional generative description of language and the analysis of material drawn from the Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank, the Prague Dependency Treebank, and the British National Corpus. The theoretical part provides a brief characterization of phrase structure grammar and dependency grammar together with the definition of the fundamentals of the functional generative description, and the definition of non-projectivity. The analytical section presents a detailed comparative classification of non-projective structures in both languages. Individual types are studied from the perspective of differences between the surface structure and the underlying structure, demonstrating how the substitution of a non-projective clause for a projective one influences the topic-focus articulation and the meaning of the clause. The main objective is to define factors motivating non-projectivity in English and Czech, to compare them, and to determine whether it is marked or neutral type of discontinuity that prevails in each of the two languages.
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Discourse Connectives in Czech.(From Centre to Periphery)
Rysová, Magdaléna ; Hajičová, Eva (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee) ; Tárnyiková, Jarmila (referee)
Magdaléna Rysová Discourse Connectives in Czech (From Centre to Periphery) Abstract The thesis focuses on description and analysis of discourse connectives in Czech in broader sense, i.e. by which language means it is possible to express sense relation within a text. The thesis is not limited to any parts of speech (like conjunctions or structuring particles) but it tries to find and describe all language means in Czech with the ability to connect two pieces or units of a text into one coherent complex. The thesis investigates discourse connectives in Czech with respect to the so called secondary connectives (i.e. mainly multiword phrases like to je důvod, proč - that is the reason why; kvůli těmto skutečnostem - due to these facts etc., in opposition to primary connectives like však - however, nebo - or, a - and, ale - but, proto - therefore etc.). Discourse connectives are (in general terms) understood as language expressions that signal semantico-pragmatic relations within a text. However, there are many theories that significantly differ in the concrete description of these expressions. Therefore, there is not a generally accepted and universal definition of discourse connectives and their description and characteristics is still a matter of linguistic discussion. The aim of this thesis is to contribute...
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Functional and translation correspondence of English demonstrative determiners in translation from English
Ledvinka, Miroslav ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse Czech translation counterparts of English demonstrative determiners and determine the degree of correspondence in the use of demonstratives in both languages. The first half of the theoretical chapter defines the English demonstrative determiners on the morpho-syntactic level. Demonstrative determiners in English carry either situational or textual reference, which can be further divided into anaphora, cataphora and the non-phoric reference. Demonstratives also distinguish between singular forms (this/that) and plural forms (these/those), as well as between proximal (this/these) and distal forms (that/those). The choice of either a proximal or a distal form is not always influenced by solely spatial relationships. Less frequent instances of a co- occurrence of a demonstrative and a proper name (Vantage Theory), and of demonstratives with prominent cohesive features (Gradient focus theory), are also discussed. The second half of the theoretical introduction is focused on a morpho-syntactic classification of Czech demonstratives. The inflectional character of Czech, together with the absence of the category of definiteness results in different realisations of certain grammatical structures. The quantitatively larger set of Czech demonstratives is classified...
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Czech relative clauses in translation to English
Švecová, Martina ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This thesis deals with relative clauses in Czech, particularly with those which have the relative word in the nominative case, and their translation counterparts in English. Czech does not have the possibility of juxtaposition of the relative word and the finite verb; it uses more explicit formulations. Therefore, the translator has to choose either a literal translation, ie more explicit, or a nonfinite clause, or eventually a prepositional phrase. Another possibility is to translate the relative clause by other means, e.g. a coordination. The first part is concerned with the theoretical definition of the Czech and English relative clauses with the help of the respective books of grammar. The second part comprises the analysis of 123 examples of Czech relative clauses and their English translation counterparts. The examples were chosen from three novels by Czech authors with the help of the software ParaConc which enables parallel work with multilingual corpora. The examples were sorted according to the above mentioned criteria, ie from more explicit to less explicit and other means of translation other than a relative clause.
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Finite progressive forms in the academic spoken and written monologue
Bartekova, Barbora ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Brůhová, Gabriela (referee)
Page | 5 Abstract The MA thesis explores finite progressive forms in the academic spoken and written monologue. The English progressive forms generally appear much less frequently than the simple forms do. In academic spoken language 90 per cent of the finite verb forms consist of simple forms and the representation of simple forms is even higher in academic written language with 95 per cent of the finite verb forms being simple. The reasons for this distribution are related on the one hand to the specific meaning of the progressive forms, and on the other hand to the restricted compatibility of the progressive forms and some semantic verb classes. The present study considers both of these aspects in the attempt to describe the progressive forms in the academic spoken monologue (university lectures) and in the academic written language (advanced students' papers). The material is excerpted from two British academic English corpora, namely BASE (spoken language) and BAWE (written texts), 100 examples from each corpus. The material is analyzed at the formal, functional and discourse levels. The formal analysis deals with the distribution of tense forms, negation, the subject (person and animacy) and clause types. The functional criteria involve the semantic features of the verb and subject, as well as the...
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