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The Logic of Nuclear Strategy Explaining Small Nuclear Arsenals
Ludvík, Jan ; Hynek, Nikola (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee) ; Sokov, Nikolai N. (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Political Studies Jan Ludvik The Logic of Nuclear Strategy Explaining Small Nuclear Arsenals Ph.D. Thesis Prague 2014 ABSTRACT At this thesis I am trying to address two critical questions: i) how does deterrence work between a country with a small nuclear arsenal and a more powerful challenger? and ii) what makes it work? My research is inspired by the method of historical comparative case studies and aims at repairing several biases in the state of the art deterrence literature, most importantly the empirically unwarranted analytical primacy of nuclear deterrence. Drawing from available theoretical literature, the broadest possible range of theoretically underpinned plausible factors is included in the analysis to grasp the complexity of deterrence relations the way nuclear and conventional deterrence interact with non-military factors in the dyads between a state with a small nuclear arsenal and its more powerful enemy. Military aspects of deterrence, both nuclear and conventional, are part of the comparison together with various perceptional factors, international circumstances, domestic politics, and norms. Five cases anchor the comparison in empirical reality covering the history of hostile relations between the United States and...
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International aspects of sentencing war criminals after 1945
Eichler, Jan ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor)
74 Summary Legal Aspects of International Punishment for Committing War Crimes after 1945 The Second World War was a global military conflict which involved majority of the world's nations and which became with more than 60 million victims the largest, deadliest and most devastating conflict in human history. The causes of the war were constituted by the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, which enhanced the feeling of humiliation in defeated countries, especially in Germany, and economic crisis in the late twenties and thirties, commonly known as the Great Depression, which fundamentally undermined a large number of countries, thereby allowing the rise of the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, and other totalitarian regimes throughout Europe. The Second World War has been accompanied with unprecedented level of crimes against humanity, war crimes and inhumane treatment of prisoners of war. Unlike all previous conflicts the course of the fighting much more affected civilian population and led to huge rate of casualties. Victims among civilians account for two thirds of the estimated 60 million victims. Many civilians died because of disease, starvation, massacres, bombing and deliberate genocidal actions and other war crimes committed by German as well as Japanese forces on the Axis-occupied territories. The...
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The consequences of the war in Nagorno-Karabakh on the economy and trade of the given region
Papikian, Anzhelika ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis talks about the consequences of the war in Nagorno-Karabakh on the economy and trade of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. The first part of this paper analyzes the historical and political context of the war and also describes the causes of the conflict. The following two chapters talk more about the core topic of this bachelor thesis, which is the main economic consequences of this war on the whole South Caucasus region. In the last part, the economy and trade before and after the war in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Nagorno-Karabakh Republic after the war) is described. Furthermore, recent developments of Armenian and Azerbaijani economies are compared.
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The American Foreign Policy with the Middle East : from the earliest days to the Obama’s mandate
Petraud, Jean-Félix ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The following dissertation is an attempt of analysis and understanding of the foreign policy of the United States in the Middle East region and its evolution through time. Considering the fact that the Middle East region is or at least used to be a vital region for the United States national interests, the dissertation presents an exhaustive list of major events that have been major shifts in the US foreign policy in the region. The more or less chronological timeline allows the reader to have a better understanding of the evolution of the US foreign policy. The result of the dissertation is the identification of different patterns of foreign policy and to put the spot on the reasons of the changes of these patterns. Nevertheless, the history of the Middle East region and the incredible number of major events through the 2Oth century and the early 21st century make impossible to deal with all of them. Moreover, analysis and comments are based on academic research, but the dissertation remains subjective and may lead to discussions and debates.
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U. S. Safety and Strategic Culture during Barack Obama's 2nd Term
Kafková, Markéta ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
This bachleor thesis is about U. S. safety and strategic culture during the 2nd term of presidency of Barack Obama. It works with the hypothesis that U. S. safety and strategic culture between the years of 2012 and 2016 has signs of multilateralism, prefers political solutions and prefers use of soft power over hard power. This hypothesis might be confirmed based on discourse analysis of speeches and treaties. It is based on theory of safety and strategic culture and using criteria such as unilateralism besides multilateralism, preventive action besides preemptive strikes and militarism besides political solutions, this thesis evaluates the 2nd term of presidency of Barack Obama.
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Germany's attitude to development of Ukraine crisis during years 2013-2014
Boubelík, Tomáš ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This work engages in circumstances related to escalation of the conflict in Ukraine. It tries to justify Germany's evident efforts to calm the situation down. In introduction it provides theoretical basis by defining actor and interdependence theory, which are subsequently applied to Germany's and Ukraine's position in the field of international relations. Term interdependence is explained in accordance with economic relations between Germany and Russia. Second part of this work is focused on German foreign policy since its shaping, institutional background to implementation within the European Union. In the third part, that could be considered as core of bachelor thesis, are chronological described events and attitudes of leading German politicians to violations of international law by Russia. The final chapter analyses German's diplomacy participation on negotiation process, establishment and enforcement of Minsk agreements.
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The International Scope of East Turkestan Islamic Movement Terrorist Activities
Ptáčková, Michaela ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
As a consequence of an increasing number of terrorist attacks worldwide, terrorism has become one of the most discussed security threats. Given the globalisation of today´s world, terrorism remains an ever-present threat for all nations, including the emerging power represented by the People´s Republic of China. The evolution of the East Turkestan Islamic Movement established in the Chinese north-western province of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region therefore represents the main topic of this Bachelor thesis. The primary aim of the thesis is to analyse the development and behaviour of the movement in terms of its goals, operating territory and ties to global terrorist organisations. The secondary aim is to contribute to a broader discussion and awareness on this topic in the Czech Republic.
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European Union and its approach towards the Ukrainian crisis from Maidan until Minsk 2
Hovorková, Petra ; Eichler, Jan (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with the topic of the Ukrainian crisis in the historical and present perspective. The goal of this thesis is to analyse approach of the European Union towards the war in the eastern Ukraine as well as towards violations of the international law by the Russian Federation. This work covers the events in Ukraine since demonstrations on Kiev's Independence Square until the negotiations of the second peace agreement signed in Minsk. The subject of research is also the future of the Ukrainian state as an equal partner of the EU and Russia.
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Srebrenica massacre from the perspective of media
Malešová, Romana ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis Srebrenica massacre from the perspective of media is to explain how selected media perceived Srebrenica massacre in 1995, using narrative analysis. The first two chapters provide theoretical basis for the paper, including characteristics of media and of narrative analysis, the latter being the methodology of practical part of this bachelor thesis. The theoretical part also includes the historical context of Srebrenica massacre. The last two chapters directly describe events that took place in Srebrenica. These chapters contain the narrative analysis of Czechoslovak and American media as well as brief characteristics of selected newspapers. The Czechoslovak periodicals provided better processed information about the situation in Srebrenica, since the American newspapers were mainly concerned with the status of the United Nations and NATO in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Cohesion and cooperation in international relations. Case study: The International Community's response to Iraq's annexation of Kuwait (1990 – 1991).
Zálešáková, Adéla ; Veselý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Eichler, Jan (referee)
This Bachelor thesis deals with response of the International Community to Iraq´s annexation of Kuwait in 1990. It focuses on cooperation among states of the international coalition during the whole operation. The theoretical part deals with international affairs at the turn of 80s and 90s of the 20th century and conflict solution at that time. It is followed by a chapter describing the situation in Iraq during the Gulf crisis since the Iran-Iraq war up to the annexation of Kuwait. This part provides important information for understanding the events that occurred after the annexation of Kuwait. The third chapter describes the response of the International Community to the Iraqi aggression in Kuwait. It answers the research question, that on the basis of cooperation during the Iraq war, we can prove that the cohesion among countries can be successful and effective.
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