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Time evolution of rheological parameters of slag activated with various activators
Pazour, Miroslav ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
Tato diplomová práce se zabývá aktuálními poznatky, společně s optimalizací oscilačních měření pomocí hybridního reometru, ale hlavně pozorováním změn reologických parametrů v čase past mleté granulované vysokopecní strusky aktivované různými aktivačními roztoky s koncentrací alkálií M: 4 and 7.5 moldm. Výsledky byly pro diskuzi podpořeny výstupy z Vicatovy metody a izotermické kalorimetrie. Nejprve bylo zjištěno, že limit lineární viskoelastické oblasti se zmenšuje v čase. Dále bylo pozorováno, že v time sweep testech vykazovala struska aktivovaná křemičitany nejnižší hodnoty komplexního modulu a struska aktivovaná hydroxidy o koncentraci 4 moldm nejvyšší hodnoty a ostatní pasty vykazovaly hodnoty mezi těmito dvěma extrémy a měly mezi sebou porovnatelné hodnoty. Podobný trend byl pozorován u vývoje kritické meze oscilačního napětí, získaného z amplitude sweep testů (přerušovaně a nepřerušovaně). Oba výše zmíněné parametry, komplexní modul a mez napětí, se vyvíjely v čase. Výsledky všech testů jasně ukázaly, že povrchová chemie hraje roli ve výsledném reologickém chování. Odsud, povaha a koncentrace aktivátoru ovlivňují reologické vlastnosti skrze efekty Na a K iontů, stejně tak skrze koncentraci, která má dopad na elektickou dvojnou vrstvu. Reologické chování může být také ovlivněno dalšími faktory, např. viskozitou aktivačního roztoku a celkovou kinetikou hydratačního procesu.
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Issues of stopping the hydration of alkali-activated slag using organic substances
Chadima, Jan ; Novotný, Radoslav (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This thesis deals with the stopping of hydration of alkali activated slag by organic solvents and investigates to what extent the selected organic solvent affects the results of the analyses. The solvents used were acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol and methanol, and this is because these are the most commonly used organic solvents in practice. Thermogravimetric analysis along with differential thermal analysis was used to assess the degree of influence of organic solvents on the alkali activated slag and Portland cement samples. Methanol and acetone affected the samples the most and the longer the sample was stored in the solvent, the more it reacted with the organic solvent. The adverse interaction of organic solvent was greatest for the Portland cement samples. Samples that were rinsed with diethyl ether prior to analysis had lower mass losses than samples that were not rinsed. In the case of alkali activated slag, it was found that the way in which the thermogravimetric results were affected by organic solvents was highly dependent on the activator used, with the smallest effect observed for Na2CO3 activation, while the largest effect was observed for NaOH activation at temperatures below 600 °C, and for higher temperatures for water glass activation.
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Effect of activator nature on rheology and surface chemistry of alkali-activated slag
Russkykh, Kostyantyn ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
V této závěrečné práci bylo popsáno časné reologické chování alkalicky aktivované strusky, anorganického materiálu, který vzniká aktivací mleté granulované vysokopecní strusky alkalickým roztokem. Vliv typu aktivačního roztoku (hydroxidů, křemičitanů a uhličitanů) a jeho koncentrace na časné reologické parametry byl zkoumán pomocí amplitudových oscilačních měření. Bylo pozorováno, že typ aktivátoru je hlavním faktorem ovlivňujícím reologické chování alkalicky aktivované strusky. Dále bylo pozorováno, že aktivátory na bázi draslíku vedou ke slabší struktuře (nižší mez kluzu, mez toku a nižší hodnoty viskoelastických modulů) oproti použití aktivátorů na bázi sodíku. To lze vysvětlit rozdíly ve velikosti alkalických iontů. Na rozdíl od ostatních aktivátorů křemičitany způsobovaly zvýšení ztrátového faktoru, přičemž vykazovaly spíše kapalné chování. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že většina aktivátorů má tzv. kritickou hodnotu koncentrace, po jejímž dosažení mají reologické vlastnosti vzorků tendenci se měnit s rostoucí koncentrací. Získané výsledky korelovaly s výstupy zeta potenciálu.
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Evolution of rheological parameters of platicized alkali-activateted slag in time
Krejčová, Marie ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the development of the rheological properties of plasticized alkali-activated slag over time and depending on the timing of plasticizer and activator addition. These properties are very essential for the use of this material in practice. The main part of this work was oscillating measurements. Two types of measurements were performed – amplitude sweep and time sweep. The aim of the amplitude sweep was to determine the limit properties of the sample related to the destructive structure when the time sweep was continuous monitoring of the evolving structure. Furthermore, calorimetric measurements and solidification measurements were performed using a Vicat apparatus. The silica modulus activator and the method of adding the lignosulfonate-based plasticizer were changed for the individual mixtures. It was found that with the silica module 0 (activation with NaOH) the plasticizer works very well, better results were obtained with the addition of the plasticizer at the beginning of mixing and the activator only later. With increasing silica modulus, the importance of the presence of a plasticizer decreased.
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Changes of slag particles during its alkaline activation
Petrů, Ludmila ; Hrubý, Petr (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with changes of slag particles during its alkaline activation. The altered parts of the slag as well as the course of the alkaline activation varies depending on the activator used, and therefore suspensions of blast furnace slag in sodium hydroxide, water glass, sodium carbonate and, for comparison, in water were prepared. Slag particles were isolated from these suspensions at selected time intervals (5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 5 h and 24 h) for particle size analysis and evaluation of BET specific surface. After solidification, the microstructure of the samples was observed using an electron microscope. To better assess the reaction processes, the pore solution was isolated from the suspensions and its composition was analyzed using optical emission spectrometry in inductively coupled plasma. The hydration process was monitored using isothermal calorimetry.
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Effect of activator type on rheology of alkali-activated slag
Markusík, David ; Smilek, Jiří (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This work deals with rheology of alkali-activated slag pastes (AAP) because of importance of these properties in building connectors for processing and application. The effects of different concentrations of sodium and potassium hydroxides activation solutions on the rheological properties of prepared AAP are examined. For the basic characterization of activation solutions, rotational and rheological measurements of AAS were made, and were compared to measurements from the flow table. Dependences of setting time on the activator concentration and rheological and calorimetric monitoring of hydration progress were also investigated. The findings prove a major influence of concentration and activator type on any determinations made. In pastes activated by potassium hydroxide, fluidity increases with increasing concentration, which correlates with increases in values on the shake table. In case of sodium hydroxide, with the increasing concentration, fluidity increases up to 25 wt. %. The following sharp reduction in fluidity correlates to the values on the flow table as well as with the storage modulus courses from oscillation measurements. In the first minutes after mixing, there was evidence of a sharper increase in yield point for pastes with higher activator concentrations.
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The composition and physical-mechanical properties of self consolidating mortars
Čepčianska, Jana ; Bílek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Palou, Martin (advisor)
This Master thesis is focused on characterization of multicompound self-compacting heavy-weight mortars resistant against long lasting influence of ionizing radiation in the underground nuclear waste storage. It examines a specific combination of properties of heavy-weight concretes and self-compacting mortars while considering the ecological and energetic impact of their production, as well as the productibility of partial substitutions that do not have negative impact on material properties. The Experimental part provides a comprehensive overview of composition and properties of self-compacting heavy-weight mortars with varying percentages of cement-to-mortar ratio. Sample properties were evaluated based on mechanical test results, thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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Evaluation of properties of coal combustion solid residues
Cesnek, Ľuboš ; Bílek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis focuses on condition monitoring of a stored high-temperature fly ash and its properties over time. The high-temperature fly ash comes from a dumping where it has been aggregated over several years. Samples of fly ash used for our analysis were taken from a bore-hole with a depth of 38 meters. Subsequently, detailed analyses of the fly ash from individual depth levels were performed. Furthermore, mechanical properties, volume stability and changes in weight of the prepared test beams were tested. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate suitability of using fly ash from a dumping site as a pozzolanic admixture in cement pastes.
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Study of alkali-silica reaction in hybrid systems
Bradová, Lada ; Bílek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Kalina, Lukáš (advisor)
This study evaluates question of alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in hybrid system, which was designed in the bachelor's thesis, to meet the requirements of EN 197-1 and classified to the Blastfurnace CEM III/C cements. The durability of this system is a great unknown. For this reason, the same methods (ASTM C1260, ASTM C289 and ASTM C856) were used to observer the ASR effects as the ones used to observer the Portland cement based concrete. Supplementary methods include determination of compressive strengths according to EN 196-2 and scanning electron microscopy to observe the microstructure. Hybrid system results were compared to two different types of cements, CEM I and CEM III/B. From the results of the ASR evaluation assays, it was found that the hybrid system (CEM III/C-HB) and CEM III/B showed the lowest tendency to ASR. The results of the supplementary methods showed that CEM III/C-HB compressive strength increases after 14 days within NaOH by 43 % in comparison to 28 days strength. Based on those results, it is sure that the CEM III/C-HB shows little susceptibility to ASR.
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Effect of cement by-pass dust on properties alkali-activated slag
Janíčková, Vlasta ; Kalina, Lukáš (referee) ; Bílek, Vlastimil (advisor)
This masters thesis deals with influence of cement bypass kiln dust on physico-mechanical properties of alkali activated slag and influence of chosen compounds of cement bypass kiln dust on alkali activated slag. Using alkali activated slag is limited by its shrinkage. The setting time with different amount of cement bypass kiln dust and its chosen compounds (CaO, KCl and K2SO4) were measured by isotermal and isoperibolic calorimetry too. The strength and length changes of the mixtures with different amount of cement bypass kiln dust were measured. Samples were analysed by X-Ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It has been found that the increasing addition of dust reduce setting time, flexural and compresive strength and shrinkage. Presence of free CaO was found being one of the reasons for accelerated setting. KCl and K2SO4 have retarding effect but influece of free CaO prevails even for its lower contents. Long-term properties evolution is strongly dependent on curing regime due to potential volume expansion.
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