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Cross-cultural perception of attractiveness and its correlates: the role of visual modalities
Fiala, Vojtěch ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
This work reviews the literature on the topic of intercultural perception of human attractiveness with special focus on recent videostimuli-using research. The first section introduces several basic perspectives on ecological-evolutionary view of attractiveness. The next section deals with intercultural differences in attractiveness perception dicussing possible explanations of these differences. The third chapter focuses on faces of people of cross-culture origin and usage of composite stimuli and artificially manipulated stimuli in inter-cultural research. The fourth chapter examines the usage of videostimuli in attractiveness research. I also add information about intercultural usage of videostimuli as far as these are available. Finally, I discuss a possible source of result ambiguity and highlight the potential use of videostimuli in intercultural research of attractiveness perception. Keywords Attractiveness, intercultural perception, videostimuli, cross-culture origin, composite images, averageness, masculinity, feminity
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The role of minority type preference in human sexual selection
Pokorný, Šimon ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Minority phenotype preference, or the negative frequency-dependent selection is a type of selection, where a feature is more preferred, the lower it's frequency is in the population. Even a weak effect in other-preference based sexual selection can result in a sustainable polymorphism. This study reviews the phenomenon in the context of human visual facial features. Common trends in attractiveness shape the morphology of the human face towards uniformity. Individual recognition however, as a condition for most social relations, uses the wast variability of different features. This variability could be formed and maintained by minority phenotype preference. In our study we tested the effect of minority phenotype preference in the selection for rare hair and eye colors. In 120 unique sets, each containing six photographs, we experimentally manipulated the frequency of each color type. These sets were then shown to 226 human raters. We tested whether the relative frequency of each color type affected the rating of individual stimuli. In hair color, significant effect of minority phenotype preference was detected when females rated the photographs of men. When males rated the photographs of females, the effect was significant in eye color only. Key words: face perception, sexual selection,...
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Sexually dimorphic signs of human face within the life history theory
Klusáčková, Tereza ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Tereza Klusáčková: Sexually dimorphic signs of human face within the life history theory Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science Bachelor's thesis, pages 39, 2014 Sexually dimorphic signs play a role in a mate choice. To produce quality offsprings it is necessary to choose an individual with our preffered attractive signs which reveal good genetic material of their bearer as a partner. Presented research explains a concept of the life-history theory and also the sexual selection and its theories. A key part of it is focused on a brief anatomical description of superficial structures of human face with an emphasis on masculine and feminine appearance and dedicates to thein changes during an ontogeny. It generally defines an attractiveness, examine preferences of the opposite sex for masculine and feminine characteristics and describes changes of female appearance and preferences during the menstrual cycle. This thesis deals with topics of symmetry and averageness, which refer to good state of health and high-quality genetical basis of an individual. Marginally deals with heterozygosity and studies exploring the effect of MHC genes on the perception of attractiveness. Key words: human face, life history theory, sexual selection, sexual...
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The relation between morphological and personality traits in humans
Sýkorová, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
In humans, as in animals, associations or correlations between morphological and personality traits can be observed. Some of the most conspicuous and well describable morphological traits in humans are eye color, hair color, body height and body mass index (BMI). These traits can correlate not only with temperament or character, but also, for example, with intelligence. Relations between morphology and personality can have an origin on a genetic or an environmental level. The human psyche, which can be influenced by social factors, can also have a role in the chain of causes and consequences. In this study, known relations between morphological traits and personality are discussed and mechanisms which could be responsible for these relations are mentioned. This study also focuses on the possible role of the environment which could explain some associations between the traits. Further, there is an attempt to identify environmental factors contributing to the morphological and personality traits which could therefore be a cause of some correlation between these traits.
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The human face in relation to personality of individual
Řezníčková, Tereza ; Pivoňková, Věra (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
The human face is the richest source of information of the human body. It has been connected with psychological characteristics since the ancient Greece. Nowadays the science has been trying to empirically prove the mentioned connection. Researches are interested in perception of personality characteristics based on facial morphology. We can include there researches that investigate the accuracy of the perception of such personality traits on the basis of personality questionnaires. Studies show that personality of individual can be estimated accurately even from facial photography for extraversion, dominance or intelligence of an individual. The evaluators also agree on attributed personality traits. This may be due to the fact that our evaluations are affected by many factors and accuracy in evaluating of personality traits may have several explanations. Personality and morphology can affect biological (e.g. sexual hormones) or ecological and social factors. Facial morphology may be formed by personality traits or frequent emotional expression. It can be also caused by appropriate characteristics that are attributed to us by others. Babyfaced, facial feminity or masculinity or attractiveness of an evaluated individual is the most important factor that affects our evaluation.
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Factors affecting perception of human male body
Třebický, Vít ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Pivoňková, Věra (referee)
According to previous research physical attractiveness plays an important role in our everyday life. People are treated differently on the basis of their physical appearance and from an evolutionary point of view physical attractiveness is a key factor in mate selection, being a cue of an individual's mate value and genetic qualities. Research shows that the highest attractiveness ratings tend to be given to physiques with a higher level of development of lean muscle mass and a V shaped upper body. Such a physique body constitution could indicates how a high level of physical fitness and a man's health of man and be a cue of the man's qualities as a mating partner. However, results of the previous studies are inconclusive due to the methods and stimuli employed. To address the shortcomings exhibited by the previous studies investigations, we ran two online studies. In the first study, women rated the attractiveness of a new and more extensive set of black and gray silhouettes derived from photos of the somatotypes. In the second study, we tested whether physical attractiveness of men can be increased by a voluntary change of their upper body shape. In both studies we were testing how interindividual differences of the female raters modulate the ratings of attractiveness. Results of the first study...
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