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Natural biomass burning and character of emissions of these processes
Maňo, Martin ; Köbölová, Klaudia (oponent) ; Chýlek, Radomír (vedoucí práce)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of emissions from natural biomass fires. Emphasis will be placed on aerosol emissions that occur during these natural phenomena. The introduction will discuss in general the natural fires of biomass in the world and their impacts. The next part of the work will investigate the factors that affect the composition, size and composition of aerosols, as well as their impact on living organisms and the environment. Methods will also be described for determining whether an aerosol trapped in the environment is of anthropogenic or natural origin. In the last part, the author will deal with the analysis of data from the measurement of real biomass combustion, in which he will participate
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Jemné částice emitované z tepelného zdroje do vnitřního prostředí
Hájek, Jiří ; Köbölová, Klaudia (oponent) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (vedoucí práce)
Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá jemnými částicemi emitovanými z krbových kamen do vnitřního prostředí. Ze začátku se práce věnuje popisu biomasy a jejímu spalování. Následuje část, která se zaměřuje na škodliviny, vznikající při spalování biomasy, a v neposlední řadě je pozornost věnována i aktuální kvalitě ovzduší v České republice, metodám měření tuhých znečišťujících látek a popisu měřicí aparatury. V experimentální části je popsán výpočet koncentrace a následně jsou prezentována data, která byla naměřena při různých režimech provozu krbových kamen.
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Exposure to Nanoparticles in Work Environment
Köbölová, Klaudia ; Mikuška, Pavel (oponent) ; Adamec, Vladimír (vedoucí práce)
Outside to the wide range of potential benefits, the use of nanomaterials can endanger human health and the environment. This diploma thesis presents the results of pilot measurements, where the exposure of nanoparticles was monitored. Based on a literature research a suitable method for measurement was the three-stage OECD model. Based on this model, measurements were performed in three welding workplaces, where nanoparticles are produced incidentally. The measurement consisted of collecting information and measuring the concentration of nanoparticles in the workplace, where data collection was focused only on inhalation exposure. During welding, 0.3 m size particles are produced and their concentration is strongly influenced by the welding material, type of welding and suction. The particles are amorphous in terms of morphology and contain manganese, iron and silicon, which can cause neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the results indicate the importance of monitoring oral exposure.
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Utilization of spectroscopy in study on stress-resistance of bacteria on the sigle-cell level
Köbölová, Klaudia ; Venerová, Tereza (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of stress resistance analysis of the Cupriavidus necator H16 and PHB-4 bacterial cells by spectroscopic methods and by testing the suitability of acridine orange as a viable dye. Based on research in literature, suitable analytical methods have been proposed, namely flow cytometer and fluorescence microscope. The first part of the experimental work was focused on the fluorescence microscope, which confirmed the basic character of acridine orange. Three stress factors, 50% and 70% ethanol, and acidic pH (pH = 1) were selected for viability monitoring. The bacteria fluoresced with green color after exposure to ethanol and red spots were found next to the cells, indicating their loss of integrity. In an acidic environment, the bacteria fluoresced red because of a partial DNA breakdown. The results were verified by the combination of propidium iodide with SYTO9 and the acridine orange suitability proved to be useful in this method. Image records were processed using image analysis. In the second part, acridine orange was used to monitor fluorescence using a flow cytometer. The result of the measurement was fluorescence expressed as histograms for individual channels, where fluorescence was characterized by median and mean intensity. By comparing the methods used, the acridine orange appears to be a more suitable fluorescent dye for the microscope than for a flow cytometer in which it was more difficult to obtain cell viability information. In the last part of the experimental work interesting photophysical properties of acridine orange were investigated.
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Využití rozptylových technik při studiu denaturace proteinů
Köbölová, Klaudia ; Kalina, Michal (oponent) ; Sedláček, Petr (vedoucí práce)
Táto bakalárska práca je zameraná na overenie využitia rozptylových techník na štúdium denaturácie proteínov. Teoretická časť je venovaná proteínom a ich vlastnostiam, popisu procesu denaturácie a zoznámenie sa s technikami rozptylu svetla. V experimentálnej časti práce boli skúmané denaturačné účinky štyroch vybraných denaturačných činidiel – močoviny, guanidínium hydrochloridu, dodecylsíranu sodného, síranu meďnatého – na dvoch modelových enzýmoch: lipáza a lyzozým. Denaturačné účinky týchto denaturantov boli študované metódou dynamického rozptylu svetla (DLS). Na opis zmeny vo veľkosti častíc počas denaturácie bol používaný Z-priemer, objemový stred a intenzitná distribúcia, ktoré boli stanovené touto metódou. Všetky testované chemické látky vyvolávali zmenu vo veľkosti enzýmoch. Táto zmena je predpokladaná ako známka denaturácie proteínov. So zvyšujúcou koncentráciou denaturantov sa zvýšil aj účinok denaturácie. Čím viac boli rozvinuté polypeptidové reťazce, tým viac rástla ich intenzita rozptylu. DLS je vďaka svojej citlivosti na odlišné veľkosti častíc vhodnou metódou na stanovenie degradačných zmien v proteíne.
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