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Production of CO2 from tillage and conservation-tillage fields
Červinská, Taťána ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Hynšt, Jaroslav (referee)
Soil respiration was studied in situ, using an apparatus Li 8000, together with potential microbial respiration, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity and content of organic substances in soil at different depths in two types of agricultural technologies: the conventional tillage cultivated fields and the fields on which were farmed using soil conservation technologies, here were used minimization and no tillage technology. These areas were sown by oilseed rape in the first year and a pea in the second year of observation (2010 and 2011). Study was carried out on long term experimental plots, established in 1995, in Prague Ruzyně to estimate the impact of these agricultural technologies on the accumulation or loss of carbon from the soil. It was found that the fields under cultivation tillage had significantly higher CO2 flux from soil than in areas with soil conservation technologies. CO2 flux was also influenced by external conditions, especially temperature. Total microbial biomass did not differ between technologies. However, they differ in terms of organic matter content. Minimizing resulted in significantly higher organic carbon content than the remaining fields. Areas under soil conservation technologies had a significantly higher content of humic acids. Cultivated fields plowing, or soil...
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Plant biomass of reclaimed and unreclaimed heps of various age
Dvorščík, Petr ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee)
This thesis has been elaborated as a part of complex succession research on the Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap near Sokolov (north-west Bohemia, GPS: 50ř13'34.695"N, 12ř42'6.627"E) . The objective of this work is to describe biomass development of reclamational and successional localities on a chronosequence example. Unreclaimed areas are represented by successional spontaneous vegetation with dominant Goat willow (Salix caprea) with an mixture of European aspen (Populus tremula) and European birch (Betula pendula). Reclamation areas are represented by forest planting of Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) mixed with Grey alder (Alnus incana). On this localities was quantify total biomass (above and below ground biomass of herb and tree layer). Data evaluation was performed using allometric equations formed on destructive analysis of the main tree types. There is not statistically significant difference betwen the recovery site methods. Keywords: chronosequence, biomass, succession, reclamation, spoil-heap, allometric
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Soil crust and its role in erosion of post mining sites
Fiedlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Lukešová, Alena (referee)
9 2 Abstract The object of the study was the soil crust, found on spoil tips after coal mining near Sokolov. Certain type of crusts were compared; non-biological, physico-chemical origin and biological crusts that are made up of algae, mosses and lichens. Individual samples of the crusts underwent the laboratory analysis - Water Drop Penetration Time, Sequencing Electron Microscopy, water infiltration, and field studies, where the measurements were taken by using the erosion pins, the surface of the crusts was evaluated and photographed stereoscopically. The results indicate that the the physical-chemical type of crusts show significantly greater erosion, while the biological crusts are less susceptible to erosion, this phenomenon is probably related to the mechanical firming of the surface. Keywords: Soil crust, Mining soil, Mining, Infiltration, Erosion
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Historical development of spontaneous vegetation in post mining landscape near Sokolov
Vávrová, Alena ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Brůna, Josef (referee)
Absract This study aims to assess the development of spontaneous succession on non reclaimed land on the example of Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka. Work was based on aerial photographs of dumps from the past 20 years, which were purchased from the Military Geographical and Hydrometeorology Office in Dobruška. Photos from various years were scanned, rectified and then elaborated in a GIS program. On the slides were set non reclaimed spoil area, which will be studied on the development of spontaneous vegetation. Results show considerable diversity in the speed at ingrowth areas different years in different places of dump. Can be estimated that in 20 years could spontaneously close up 30-70% space of dump, if was all left to spontaneous dvelopment. Keywords: succession, reclamation, GIS, coal mining, postmining landscape
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Perspectives and pitfalls of fytoenergy
Eršil, Lukáš ; Přibil, Rudolf (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Not only people advocating for sustainable development are interesting in the progress of the phytoenergetic's sector, also investors, politicians, ecomistits and farmers are interested in that. Most of the people interested in phytoenergy take this growing branch as a promissory business. Conservation of non-renewable resources hasn't been taken as the main aim. The potential of the energy content of the biomass of plants is undiscussed. Nevertheless is necessary to calculate how much land can be destined to energetic crops without causing negative impact on environment. That's depends mainly on the agricultural land resources, on climate conditions and on the possibilities of construction infrastructure for postharvest activities. . In my bachelor thesis I deal with the advantages and disadvantages of different species of energetic crops and focus on biofuels life cycles and on motors biofuels, which are very important due to interest that the strong automobile industry has put in them. I concluded that, considering the technological facilities up to date, is not profitable to transform the biomass into liquid biofuels. Focus on low resources consuming energetic crops with low impact on the environment, which could be exploited only through burning, would be more profitable. I find more...
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Spoil heap heterogenity and its effect on vegetation
Pochmanová, Pavla ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vojta, Jaroslav (referee)
One of the major industrial activities in North West Bohemia is brown coal mining. Mines and heaps originated during the mining process represent main elements of adverse changes in the local landscape. They are causes of changes of all subsystems of landscape, soil and mineral environment, water situation, atmosphere, etc. Subsequent recovering of these impacts of mining activities is not easy in terms of technology or time. Reclamation engages in such activities. Its aim is to restore production function of land and to create a balanced, aesthetically, naturally and hygienically valuable landscape. This thesis deals with the development of mining and descriptions of various methods of reclamation with regard to the heterogeneity of reclaimed areas. In conclusion, own experiments carried on the surface of succession area "Radovesice XVII.B" are presented. Key words: succession, land reclamation, heaps tailings, mining activity and heterogenity
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Competition between spruce seedlings and herbs
Michalová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
My point was to write about the conditions (mainly biotic) for germination and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies). It is a literature research for my graduation theses. I found out, that the growth and survival of spruce seedlings is affected by a combination of biotic, abiotic and site conditions. The main abiotic factors are sufficient light and moisture availability, grain class, thickness and quality of humus, susceptible mineral nutrition, steady temperature conditions, thickness of snow cover and occurance of late frosts. I foccused on the growthe of spruce seedlings in vegetation cover, what was the main point of my study. It is because the succes of survival and growth of spruce depends primary on the surrounding, where seeds get after dispersion. Grass-species (for instance, Deschampsia flexuosa, Calamagrostis sp.) inhibited the growth by water and nitrogen uptake, as well as inappropriate temperature and light conditions. Litter also hindered natural regeneration in growth. Some mosses helped young spurces because of steady temperature and moisture regime, but some had too thick rhisosphere, and did not allow them to reach the mineral soil. Shrubs protected seedlings by preventing them from competition with graminoids, but were of no importance for seed protection. Herb layer, but not...
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Natural ecosystem restoration in cities
Doušová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
In this study I have dealt with the issue of urbanization and its impact on natural ecosystems by comparing the natural and urban ecosystems. Furthermore, the reasons for the inclusion of semi-natural ecosystems in urban areas and suggest the possibility of their restoration are explored in detail. The number of people on Earth continues to grow and proportion of people living in cities increases at the same time. Urbanization is often the result in an increase of biodiversity than surrounding landscape but the urban environments are similar between cities, this supports a process which is called homogenization. In addition, urbanized ecosystems often require more nutrients and extra energy. There are thus environmental, economic and aesthetic reasons for the inclusion of semi-natural ecosystems in the urban environment.
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Possibilities to restore seminatiral meadows in post industrial sites.
Kolářová, Petra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tátosová, Jolana (referee)
The post-industrial sites (brownfields) are sites which were devastated and abandoned by industrial production (generation areas, dumping grounds, mining areas…), but buildings and paved areas abandoned by agricultural production, too. On the other hand on these very disturbed places, primary succession, may leads to recovery of valuable ecosystems. It shows the potential of these areas for the restoration of valuable near natural ecosystems. One of the possibilities how to use these areas could became establishing species rich meadows rich, which could return to the meadow ecosystem his original function. They could benefit from oligotrophic status, at least some of these sites, too. The aim of this work is to summarize the information about factors which influence structure and diversity of meadows, their restoration and assess chance post-industrial sites utilization for the recovery of species rich meadows. Finally results of experiment about restoration of species-rich meadow ecosystems on mine spoil dumps in the surrounding of Sokolov are represented.
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