|
|
Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities
Kubátová, Michaela ; Dostál, Petr (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Michaela Kubátová Alien species of plants and biotic resistence of invaded communities This study is about problems and questions of alien plants and their relation to native communities in their new range. Ecologists are increasingly aware that soil organisms may affect plant communities because they are part of the processes that affect them. The soil organisms may affect the success of alien species invasion. Each species of plants differ in interaction with soil organisms, these interactions can result in specific feedback that will influence the future growth of other plants. According to Darwin's naturalization hypothesis related species should have similar enemies. This implies less successful invasion of alien plants at home with relatives. The practical part consists of two experiments. Using plant-soil feedback I studied under controlled conditions the importance of kinship of native plants and their soil organisms on the growth of three species of alien plants Impatiens, Parviflora, Stenactis annua and Epilobium ciliatum. There were used soil samples from localities with related and unrelated species; the soil was used as inoculums for growing first-generation plants, where there were original related, unrelated and alien plants. In the second phase only alien species were grown. Part of...
|
|
|
The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
|
|
|
Comparison of two methods of soil organic matter fractionantion
Fryčová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Borůvka, Luboš (referee)
Comparison of two different soil organic matter fractionation methods Soil organic matter (SOM) significantly affects physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and plays also a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. In order to simulate SOM dynamics a number of mathematical models have been developed. These models divide SOM into several theoretical pools according to their stability. Unfortunately, lacking experimental procedure which could measure these pools directly, although for this purpose a wide range of fractionation procedures were developed, that are trying identified empirical fractions with theoretical model pools. An objective of this experiment was to reproduce two fractionation procedures on a set of twenty-seven laboratory-prepared samples: according to Six and according to Zimmermann and to compare their results. Also the relationship between respiration and the amount of carbon in different pools was compared. The most significant differences were found in active pools, where Six's method found twice as much carbon than Zimmermann's one. Finally response of both method results to various environmental parameters (mineral composition, litter type and soil mixing) was compared. According to the results of Zimmermann's method the amount of carbon in different pools was mainly...
|
|
|
Determination of white rot fungi Biomass during cultivation using analytical techniques
Vlasenkova, Tatiana ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The role of fungi in the soil ecosystems is well known. Exact determination of the fungal biomass is necessary for the understanding of their role in the cycle of soil nutrients, in the existing food chains of various animal types and in the soil aggregation. Bachelor's thesis is aimed at determination of white rot fungal (L. tigrinus, P. osteratus, I. lacteus, T. versicicolor) phospholipid-fatty acids and ergosterol (free and total) quantitative content with the subsequent comparison of the research results among themselves. Straw pellets were used as a sterile substrate for mushrooms. Their period of cultivation was 5, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days. The theoretical part describes methods for determining the microbial biomass, properties of ergosterol biosynthesis, lipids and fatty acids. Tools of gas and liquid chromatography, their use in determining the phospholipid-fatty acids and ergosterol in real samples are summarized. The experimental part of the procedure describes preparation of methylesters of fungi freeze-dried specimens that had previously been used in a biodegradation experiment. It just describes a method of determining fatty acids by gas chromatography, the extraction of ergosterol (free and total) and its subsequent determination using liquid chromatography. Based on the definition of...
|
|
|
What are diferences between parks and gardens and natural ecosystems
Píšová, Martina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Görner, Tomáš (referee)
This work highlights the importance of green spaces in an urban environment not only for human and his activities, but especially for the biotic element of environment. To these artificial ecosystems, despite their non-productive function, people provide deluxe services such as irrigation and fertilization. This is also reflected in the change of biogeochemical cycles, especially the carbon and nitrogen cycle. The work focuses on the issue of expansion of non-native plant and animal species and extrusion of native species from their natural habitat. By this process the native species are highly threatened in urban environments. The questionnaire survey examined the ability of the respondents, how they can detect semi-natural ecosystems from artificial ecosystems, which have been divided into several categories (choices for artificial ecosystems were: ornamental, romantic and close to nature parks and gardens and choices for natural ecosystems were: forest ecosystems, forest steppe, grassland and aquatic ecosystems). There were examined also emotions, which were invoked by different types of landscapes at respondents, and their preference for self-relaxation in different types of landscapes. Keywords: natural ecosystems, urban ecosystems, biodiversity
|
|
|
Topsoil application in reclamation practice advantages and pitfalls
Čížková, Barbora ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
This paper deals with spreading the topsoil to the dumps after brown coal mining as reclamation measure. Here I describe its advantages and disadvantages for soils and ecosystems restoring and the soil organic matter budget. Furthermore, I present here my pilot work dealing with long-term storage topsoil in stockpile and its impact on soil microbial parameters, especially microbial respiration and amount of biomass after stockpile disturbance. Soil used for the research came from different depths of excavated stockpile. The samples were measured for soil respiration by titration and amount of microbial biomass by fumigation-respiration method. The highest values were always measured in samples from greatest depths. It is due to greater making use of accumulated carbon, which becomes better accessible to microorganisms after erosion of stockpile. Keywords: brown coal, soil organic matter, reclamation, topsoil, post-minig sites
|
|
|
Microbial activity of deep subsurphace miocen sediments near Soklov
Galertová, Renata ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kryštůfek, Václav (referee)
In my diploma thesis I observed microbial activity in Miocene sediments collected at two different depths - 30 and 150 meters - in the "Družba" open-mine pit, which is located in Sokolov Brown Coal Basin. There were three different types of sediment: lamellar, amorphous and transitional. Samples were obtained under sterile conditions and following treatments were applied to the transitional sediment: addition of glucose, wetting and freezing. The aim of my study was to observe the activity of the original microflora at various depths and the impact of environmental factors that can affect the quarried claystones after being put on heaps. Microbial activity was evaluated by measuring released CO2 (titration). Obtained values of microbial activity did not show any differences between the respiration of sediments of different ages (depths), but differences between different types of sediments were significant, the highest values were found in lamellar sediment. Affection of samples then showed biota activity response suggesting that microbial communities at lower depths are limited by nutrients. Because the application of glucose did not show any noteworthy effect, we can assume that these communities are specialize on present fossil organic matter they are able to decompose, which is important especially in...
|
|
|
Production of CO2 from tillage and conservation-tillage fields
Červinská, Taťána ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Hynšt, Jaroslav (referee)
Soil respiration was studied in situ, using an apparatus Li 8000, together with potential microbial respiration, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity and content of organic substances in soil at different depths in two types of agricultural technologies: the conventional tillage cultivated fields and the fields on which were farmed using soil conservation technologies, here were used minimization and no tillage technology. These areas were sown by oilseed rape in the first year and a pea in the second year of observation (2010 and 2011). Study was carried out on long term experimental plots, established in 1995, in Prague Ruzyně to estimate the impact of these agricultural technologies on the accumulation or loss of carbon from the soil. It was found that the fields under cultivation tillage had significantly higher CO2 flux from soil than in areas with soil conservation technologies. CO2 flux was also influenced by external conditions, especially temperature. Total microbial biomass did not differ between technologies. However, they differ in terms of organic matter content. Minimizing resulted in significantly higher organic carbon content than the remaining fields. Areas under soil conservation technologies had a significantly higher content of humic acids. Cultivated fields plowing, or soil...
|
|
|
Plant biomass of reclaimed and unreclaimed heps of various age
Dvorščík, Petr ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee)
This thesis has been elaborated as a part of complex succession research on the Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap near Sokolov (north-west Bohemia, GPS: 50ř13'34.695"N, 12ř42'6.627"E) . The objective of this work is to describe biomass development of reclamational and successional localities on a chronosequence example. Unreclaimed areas are represented by successional spontaneous vegetation with dominant Goat willow (Salix caprea) with an mixture of European aspen (Populus tremula) and European birch (Betula pendula). Reclamation areas are represented by forest planting of Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) mixed with Grey alder (Alnus incana). On this localities was quantify total biomass (above and below ground biomass of herb and tree layer). Data evaluation was performed using allometric equations formed on destructive analysis of the main tree types. There is not statistically significant difference betwen the recovery site methods. Keywords: chronosequence, biomass, succession, reclamation, spoil-heap, allometric
|
|
|
Soil crust and its role in erosion of post mining sites
Fiedlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Lukešová, Alena (referee)
9 2 Abstract The object of the study was the soil crust, found on spoil tips after coal mining near Sokolov. Certain type of crusts were compared; non-biological, physico-chemical origin and biological crusts that are made up of algae, mosses and lichens. Individual samples of the crusts underwent the laboratory analysis - Water Drop Penetration Time, Sequencing Electron Microscopy, water infiltration, and field studies, where the measurements were taken by using the erosion pins, the surface of the crusts was evaluated and photographed stereoscopically. The results indicate that the the physical-chemical type of crusts show significantly greater erosion, while the biological crusts are less susceptible to erosion, this phenomenon is probably related to the mechanical firming of the surface. Keywords: Soil crust, Mining soil, Mining, Infiltration, Erosion
|
guest ::
