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Predestined to Failure: The Issue of Bearing Arms Within 113th Congress
Šollová, Gabriela ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
This bachelor thesis lay stress on finding out the reason why bills concerning gun control from the beginning of the year 2013 at 113th Congress did not pass. The first part focuses on President Barack Obama as an initiator of the discussion on the theme of gun control on the federal level specifically at the 113. Congress. The thesis is based on supposition that direct influence of the President in legislative issues is weak or none at all but from his presidential post he can affect which issues are being on this level accented. That is why the first part of the thesis sums up the cultural-historical context of gun control in USA. It means to help the reader to acquire a basic framework for better understanding given issues and to determine the level of importance of gun control debate in American culture. The second chapter analyse Obama's stance on gun control and his reaction on attacks that took place during his presidency and tries to determine how was the attack in Sandy Hook so different from the others that it led to factual attempts for changes in gun control laws on federal level. The last third and also the most extensive part deals with the 113th Congress and gun control bills. It analyses each bill and their voting processes and tries to examine main participators and their real...
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The Current State of Maternity Leave and the Labour Market in the United States: Goals and Reality
Hofmanová, Zuzana ; Anděl, Petr (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "The Current State of Maternity Leave and the Labour Market in the United States: Goals and Reality" deals with a model of maternity leave in the United States. This model can be seen as very unique in many ways, especially due to its form and problematic historical development. The United States was one of the last industrialized countries codifying a certain form of maternity leave. The result was defined as an unpaid gender neutral maternity leave, a part of a broader policy concept called a family leave. The thesis explores the formation of the current state of maternity leave in the United States and its goals which compares to the actual reality of the present labour market situation. The thesis discovers that the initially declared objectives weren't met. The current state of maternity leave is very exclusive. It also reinforces inequality based on race, gender and family income in relation to the labour market.
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The Bush Administration and Pakistan: Utilitarian Partnership?
Zábranský, Richard ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
Pakistan is a poor and aid-dependent state but it is also the only Muslim state armed with nuclear weapons. In the late 1990s, Pakistan had to deal with economic and technological sanctions from the U.S., which punished Islamabad for its nuclear aspirations and military coup d'état in fall of 1999. The India-Pakistan rivalry is crucial aspect that impacts the U.S.-Pakistan cooperation. After 9/11, Pakistani president Musharraf was concerned that the U.S. could turn their attention to India, thus strengthening the cooperation with Pakistan's rival. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 changed the national security environment and Washington had to adapt, so it could more effectively respond to newly emerging threats. Rise of strategic importance of Pakistan was a result of the U.S. hunt for Al-Qaeda and subsequent war in Afghanistan, as Americans needed to assure access to Afghanistan, logistical support for American forces, intelligence information about situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan's border regions. However, U.S.-Pakistan cooperation was influenced by divergent national security priorities. Keywords Pakistan, USA, Musharraf, Bush, U.S. support, strategy, Taliban, Al-Qaeda, assistance, 9/11 Rozsah práce: 122 928 znaků
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Comparison of the Economic, Political and Security Influence of the United States and China in Southeast Asia during the Bush Administration, 2001-2008
Vintnerová, Klára ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
After the end of the Cold War, there was the only one remaining super power, the United states of America. Due to its strong position, it could influence situation in various regions of the world, also in Southeast Asia. USA primarily supported respecting the human rights and democratic principles in this region, in addition to guaranteeing its long-term economic and security interests. From the beginning of the 21st century China, which is, thanks to its Four National Modernizations, since 1978 very intensively developing, asserted its own influence in Southeast Asia too. China's political and security influence is also rising in this region. Many globally important commercial routes (shipping lines) pass through region of Southeast Asia. These roads are crucial for the Chinese economic rise. USA has so far guaranteed the security of these lines in the Indian and Pacific Ocean. This bachelor thesis analyses the economic, political and security influence of the USA and China in this region on multilateral and bilateral bases. China used mainly economic influence (trading relations and direct foreign investments) in relations with Southeast Asian countries during the period under question. Contrary to China's stance, the Bush Administration concerned itself particularly with security cooperation and...
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Women in the U.S. Prison System: The Care They Need and the Treatment They Receive
Schmidtová, Zuzana ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Anděl, Petr (referee)
Thesis deals with female prisoners in the American prison system and their overall position within the system. The research question is whether the American prison system is able to reflect the increase of incarcerated females as well as the differences between needs of incarcerated males and females. Likewise, the thesis also aims at researching whether the prison system offers the care incarcerated females need. The thesis outlines a brief history of the U.S. modern prison system's origin and development as well as its current main attributes together with financing. The main part is devoted to incarcerated women, their positions and conditions that await them in the prison. Because the needs of incarcerated women differ from men's, for example regarding the health care, this thesis tries to describe their needs as well as how they differ from the needs of male inmates. An important part of the thesis is devoted to health care provision in the prison. Health care is a good example that illustrates that female inmates have different needs regarding check-ups, diagnosis and needed medications. It is also described how pregnant and mentally ill inmates are treated. As an answer to different needs of female prisoner a possibility of gender- responsive treatment is discussed. This treatment would...
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Comparison of U.S. and China's Policy Towards Africa 1990-2010 With a Special Focus on Angola and Sudan: Resources and Geopolitics
Kindl, Lukáš ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
The Master's thesis deals with China's increased engagement in Sub-Saharan Africa after 2000 and its impact on U.S. political and economic interests on the continent. In the first decade of the new millennium, China's search for natural resources, especially oil, to satisfy its growing demand, need to find new markets for exports, as well as China's aspiration to enhance its position at the international stage led Beijing to pay greater attention to Africa. China started to engage African countries through a combination of development assistance with no strings attached, except for the one-China principle, and high-profile diplomacy. The United States has become concerned that China might jeopardize its programs on democratization and governance and become a fierce economic competitor in Africa. In the first two chapters, the thesis describes the interests of China and the U.S, respectively, the main actors involved in the countries' respective Africa policies, and strategies and concrete policies these two world powers implement in Africa. The third chapter compares the U.S. and China's engagement in three case studies - on Nigeria, Angola and Sudan. The fourth chapter provides a comparison of the general features of the American and the Chinese policies towards Sub- Saharan Africa. The chapter...
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The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003
Mertová, Viktorie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
U. S. universities often apply affirmative action approach in admissions procedure, that is to say, they give preferential treatment to racial or ethnic minority applicants. There are several reasons for this policy. First, in the 1960s, the federal government instructed all the federal contractors to take an affirmative action to ensure that minorities were not discriminated against. Second, universities attempt to create a diverse student body which is supposed to produce educational benefits and raise the quality of education. The affirmative action programs cause a number of controversies. The opponents argue that the policy discriminates against the majority and therefore violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Many litigations took place in the United States over the course of years, some of the cases were even brought before the Supreme Court. The Bachelor's thesis "The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003" investigates the changes of the Supreme Court's approach to this problem in the period between 1978 (first landmark decision) and 2003, when the Supreme Court dealt with the issue last so far. On the basis of an analysis of the decisions in three significant Supreme Court cases, this paper characterizes the most...
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China as the biggest foreign holder of U.S. government bonds: analysis of impacts on U.S. foreign policy
Holuša, Petr ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the question whether China's purchases of American government bonds affect the foreign policy of the USA. The first part analyses bonds as instruments for debt financing and explains why China is motivated to buy American government bonds. The second part is concerned with the relationship between the lender and the borrower and assumes that the relationship between deficit financing and a change in the foreign policy towards the lender is possible, an example being the relationship of the USA and Mexico in the 1980s. The last part introduces criteria based on which it evaluates whether the American foreign policy towards China is changing. The thesis is focused on the topic of human rights, which is a frequent source of dispute between these two countries. The thesis also comprises an analysis of the dispute between the USA and China regarding weapon sales to Taiwan. It also analyses the possibility of China selling all its American government bonds and the potential consequences for the American economy. The conclusion sums up the topics discussed in the thesis and provides an answer to the set question.
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Youth International Party in Context of the 1960's Political Dissent in the USA
Hušková, Jana ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
The work focuses on one of the anti-war movements against the Vietnam War. It takes place in 1960s in the USA. The Chicago Democratic Convention in August 1968 was supposed to become a meeting point of the anti-war activist groups. A group Youth International Party (YIP), commonly known as Yippies, was created at the end of 1967 in order to participate in this protest. It became famous for its recession and theatrical activities which drew the attention of mass-media. For Yippies the mass-media was the best way how to promote their anti-war stance. The aim of the group was to involve the apolitical youth into the anti-war movement. The aim of this work is to define a status of Yippies within the political dissent in the USA. In order to answer this question, the work tries to analyze these three topics: importance of the Yippies for the protests during the Chicago Democratic Convention and the following political process, Yippies and the mass-media and last, analysis of the official program of Youth International Party.
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Americká politika vůči Íránu 1953-1979
Zukerstein, Jaroslav ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
In the years following World War II, Iran became one of the closest allies of United States of America in the Middle East. The era of friendship was replaced by hostilities and mutual mistrust after the 1979 Iranian revolution. In order to understand the current situation the analysis of American foreign policy towards Iran during the reign of Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi has been done. The author of the thesis The Making of a Special Relationship: Iran in the Foreign Policy of the United States, 1953 - 1979 questions what kind of policy the United States adopted towards Iran that inevitably led to such dramatic end? What kind of rule Washington pursued towards Tehran that Revolution arose with anti-American spirit? The research has been performed in a constructivist framework. American foreign policy with its specific values, norms, beliefs, culture and language towards other states creates, according to constructivist scholars, three different types of rule: hegemony, hierarchy and heteronomy. The analysis of U.S. foreign policy and declassified primary documents showed that U.S.-Iranian relations operated in heteronomic structures. United States created rules that determined Iran to be dependent on it. The country under Shah's rule became more developed and powerful, but not independent. Thanks to...
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