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Adhesion, growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells on biocompatible nanomaterial surfaces
Brož, Antonín ; Hubálek Kalbáčová, Marie (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee) ; Kylián, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis is based on articles describing the fundamental research of carbon based nanomaterials for their possible utilization in biomedicine. The aim of this thesis was to describe the way how human osteoblasts (SAOS-2 cell line) and primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) adhere, grow and behave on surfaces made of several carbon allotropes - nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) films and graphene. The utilization of carbon as the basic material promised good biocompatibility and possibility of useful surface modifications. The NCD had modified surface nanotopography (nanoroughness and nanostructuring prepared by dry ion etching). All the materials had modified surface atomic termination with oxygen and hydrogen which changes the surface electrical conductivity, surface charge and wettability. It was hypothesized that the surface termination can also influence the cell adhesion and growth. It turned out that all the studied materials were suitable as substrates for cultivation of mentioned cell types. Various nanoroughnesses of NCD surface had different effect on the cell adhesion and cell metabolic activity. Nanostructuring of the NCD influenced the formation of focal adhesions. The surface terminations of NCD and the other studied nanomaterials in...
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The role of NF-kappa B signaling in establishment of central tolerance
Březina, Jiří ; Filipp, Dominik (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Ce trál í tolera e, která je usta ove a v th u, výz a ě redukuje repertoár reaktiv í h T l fo tů a tí u ožňuje před házet rozvoji autoi u it í h o e o ě í. ez t ý Autoi u it í regulá Aire , který je e pri ova ý ikát í i edulár í i epiteliál í i uňka i řídí pro iskuit í ge ovou e presi tisí ů tkáňově spe ifi ký h a tige ů, která je zásad í pro úči ou egativ í selek reaktiv í h T l fo tů regulač í h l fo tů. Výzku posled í h dvou dekád sta ove í e trál í tolera e. této prá i předkládá ejdůležitější poz atk dokládají í její klíčovou roli ve vývoji u ěk pří é regula i ge ové e které hovoří ve prospě h edo e ě é skuteč ost , že hlav í regulátore pro esů podílejí í h se a vý , udržová í a fu k i e trál í tolera e Klíčová slova: Centrální tolerance, NF
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The impact of obesity on the immune system with a focus on NK cells
Císařová, Radka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Obesity is expanding rapidly even in developing countries and has negative effect on human health. The emerging low-grade chronic inflammation of visceral adipose tissue is generally accepted as the cause of this negative effect. The most important factor in the inflammation development is the induction of inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and their subsequent accumulation in visceral adipose tissue. The first impulse for these changes is ambiguous but can be associated with changes in phenotype and activation status of NK cells. NK cell mediated cytotoxicity against viral infected or cancer cells is impaired by obesity. Leptin level is chronically elevated in obesity and has the counter effects on NK cells. Short-term leptin exposure causes lower cytotoxicity of NK cells but long-term leptin exposure has opposite effect. The few studies about phenotype of NK cells in visceral adipose tissue during obesity point on higher production of INF- and expression of NKG2D by NK cells. Further studies of NK cell phenotype in the context of obesity and in particularly in the context of visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects are important for understanding the negative effect of obesity.
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Antigen cross-presentation - mechanism and biological significance
Boháčová, Šárka ; Stříšovský, Kvido (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
iii Abstract Antigen cross-presentation is a process, when dendritic cells present exogenous antigens in context of MHC-I to CD8+ T lymphocytes. Unlike classical antigen presentation, this one goes crosswise, because exogenous antigens are otherwise usually presented on MHC-II and endogenous antigens on MHC-I glycoproteins. Molecular mechanism of cross-presentation has not been well established yet. Two major pathways are considered - vacuolar and cytosolic. In the vacuolar pathway, the internalised antigens are cleaved in the endosome by proteases and then loaded onto MHC-I. In the cytosolic pathway, the internalised antigens leave the endosome to be cleaved by the proteasome in the cytosol. They are then imported into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to by loaded onto MHC-I as in classical antigen presentation, or they go back into the endosome where the MHC-I loading machinery is trafficked. This process is mediated by ER proteins including those participating in ERAD, by Rab GTPases regulating vesicular transport, and by structures important for endosome maturation. Cross-presentation is important in medicine, because it ensures activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes against intracellular pathogens and cancer cells, and induction of tolerance at the...
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Dřevěné brýle
Černý, Jan
Initial task of the thesis is the design of eyeglasses from a wood composite, including the production of physical prototypes. The work is divided into two main categories. The initial part focuses on the theoretical aspect that deals with general issues of glasses, their origins and historical development, current shape and material typologies, and ergonomics. The practical part is devoted to the design process, including analysis of contemporary of design wooden spectacle frames and detailed description of the production prototype. Work is completed on a continuous picture of the production process of eyeglasses.
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