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Relationships between ADHD syndrom and neurotic symptoms in children of younger school age
Macnerová, Jana ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Šírová, Eva (advisor)
The goal of this diploma thesis is to map out possible connections between symptoms of neurotic disorders and ADHD syndrom in children of younger school age (that is, roughly, children between six and twelve years of age). In order to create the necessary framework, the theoretical part first describes the specifics of the developmental period of younger school age, after which follows a discussion of neurotic disorders and their symptoms with concentration mostly on child's age, and also follows a presentation of characteristics of ADHD syndrome (here meaning the Hyperkinetic disorder according to ICD, 10 th edition). The last chapter of the theoretical part of the thesis intends to connect the two problem areas - to search for similarities and to find differences between the examined disorders in childhood age; this part attempts to differentiate more sensitively between symptoms of these disorders. It also discusses circumstances and preventive methods against development of other problems in children with ADHD syndrome, as well as therapeutic methods for children suffering from both ADHD syndrome and neurotic disorders. This chapter concludes the theoretical part and forms a bridge to the empirical part. The empirical part of this thesis stems primarily from educational - psychological experience. Its...
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Chosen psychological aspects of current educational reform from teachers perspective
Čechová, Barbara ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor)
The thesis "Chosen psychological aspects of Czech school reform from teachers perspective" is concerned about current Czech educational reform and is looking for psychological background to new trends and goals. In the first part the author identifies the changes, which will occur - the changes in the goals, changes in the content of curriculum and procedural changes. In further chapter the focus is moved on theories, which are supporting the direction of changes. It is child-centered approach, constructivism, multiple intelligence theory, and Bloom taxonomy. In the third part she is analyzing the impact of the reform on the teacher's profession. The last part of theoretical part is focused on the crucial part of the reform - key competencies. She is describing the term and ending with critical analysis of the concept in current Czech law. The empirical part of the thesis is devoted to evaluation of key competencies. Author suggests a didactic test and methodic for pupils portfolio.
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Dynamic assessment and its utilization in the diagnostic of school maturity
Chuchutová, Kristýna ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Šírová, Eva (advisor)
Dynamic assessment constitutes an alternative diagnostic approach, focused on revelation of the tested person's real potential, which is reached and observed via the emphasis on the process of the achievement. It aims at meaningful connection with the intervention that immediately makes use of diagnostic findings to support the development of an individual. This work summarizes essential information about the mentioned diagnostic trend - its characteristic, a definition compared to conventional ways of testing and historical development. It further adverts to possibilities of its utilization, especially in the area of preschool diagnostic and education as an instrument of the prevention of educational and behavioural difficulties during the first years of the school attendance. The main goal of this work is to contribute to an expansion of the dynamic approach, which I consider to be a valuable alternative and/or a meaningful completion of conventional methods of testing.
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The forms of parents appraisal and their influence on self-efficacy of preschool child
Müllerová, Lucie ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (advisor)
The theoretical part of the thesis deals at first with the theoretical principles of self-efficacy. The subsequent part treats of the developmental characteristics of preschool stage with a view to connection with the parents appraisal. The final part aims at appraisal, in term of general approach to the child, in term of rewards and punishments and in term of the appraisal as a formalizing agent in the formation of the basics of self-efficacy. The empirical part presents a research on forms of mothers appraisal on children accomplishments and failures while performing a specific task. The quantitative analysis traces appearance of forms of appraisal and their influence on child selfefficacy. The qualitative part is focusing especially on mothers non-appraising reactions on children while performing a specific task.
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Child anxiety and its manifestations in drawing a tree
Stříteská, Kateřina ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
This diploma work is intent on the mapping of child anxiety probléme and its possibly manifestations in drawing a tree. Introductory chapters deal with basic definition of anxiety, symptoms and biological basis of anxiety. The description of an..xicty cvolution during scparate age periods follow, including brief charak'terizations of separate anxiety disorders, considering speciťic child anxiety disordcrs. In conncction thcrc is signification of child drawing and its contribution to diagnostics mentioned. At the end of theoretical part there is a high consideration on description of chosen method, i.e. the test of drawing a tree. Practical part of this diploma work is devoted this sfere. I intent on exploitation drawing a tree as possible screening method for detection of specific marks, which could enable us find the presence of anxiety out.
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Psychological aspects of the role of stepfather
Tomanová, Anna ; Mertin, Václav (advisor) ; Šírová, Eva (referee)
Diploma thesis Psychological aspects of the role stepfather aims to map out the expanding phenomenon in contemporary society, which is the presence of stepfathers newly composed families. The theoretical part is based on foreign resources, and tries to bring the theoretical framework of the issue. First, from a wider perspective on the family in contemporary society, divorce and the impact of these changes on the family constellation. Subsequently, much more closely focused on the very topic of stepfathers. This task is not so easy, due to the limits of available information and realized studies dealing with this phenomenon. For this reason, it follows the empirical study aiming to outline the current situation of stepfathers. This study is based on interviews with respondents and points to the aspects of this particular family constellation.
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Work with children from alcoholic families, acces of gestalt therapy
Plassová, Alena ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the topic of children from families of alcoholics and ways to work with them using components of the gestalt therapy. Alcoholism is a disease that negatively influences the healthy psychosocial development of children in many ways. At home children learn model of how to approach life and they accept it as a standard for their own lives. For them it is normal to resolve problems through the use of alcohol, not to respect the needs of their friends, families and of themselves. At the same time children lose their ability to realize what they feel and they just resign themselves to the satisfaction of their natural childish needs in the stressed, often violent, family atmosphere without borders. Children who live with an alcoholic parent, in the long term, have problems with their behaviour, borders, emotions, relationships and self-acceptance. The psychological help for these children can relieve their actual tension. It can also convey concrete experience in relationships and in their acceptance by an adult. Gestalt therapy teaches children how to realize their needs and feelings again. It also offers clarification and efficiency of the manner that they enter contact with themselves and with others. The practical part contains case reports of psychological work with a group of children...
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Ways to support a child with problem behaviour by working with his family
Papoušková, Kateřina ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
The thesis deals with the possibilities of intervention in children with behavioral problems. The main focus is placed on working with the family (unlike commonly used interventions that focus primarily on working with the child himself or herself). The first part portrays the theoretical background. It describes the mechanisms of family influence on the child in terms of the factors that can increase the risk of behavioral problems, and, vice versa, factors that act protectively and help the child cope with the situation in a functional manner. On this basis, we describe various forms of intervention in the family based on influence of the disclosed risk and resilient factors. The research project aims to respond to the discrepancy between the proven effectiveness of intervention in families and low levels of use (predominance of intervention focused on child itself only). Through qualitative analysis of interviews with professionals research maps possible ways for families to reach the intervention, its benefits and risks, and recommendations for improving the system of this kind of care in the Czech Republic. Keywords: conduct problems, family intervention, therapy
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Psychodiagnostics for preschool age: Vienna developmental test
Dostálová, Magdalena ; Šturma, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
Při volbě tématu pro rigorózní práci jsem vycházela ze své diplomové práce zaměřené na oblast dětské psychodiagnostiky. V mém rozhodnutí mne podpořil mimo jiné i fakt, že diplomová práce byla v roce oceněna 2004 cenou pana profesora Matějčka za nejlepší diplomovou práci v oboru dětské psychologie. Práci jsem se tedy rozhodla rozšířit a doplnit. Řídila jsem se při tom jistě oprávněnými výtkami, které považovaly diplomovou práci za příliš praktickou, bez teoretického ukotvení. V rigorózní práci bylo použito množství cizojazyčných, převážně anglicky psaných pramenů, které jsem měla možnost čerpat především z Národní knihovny v Londýně. Text byl tak doplněn o cenné informace týkající se předškolního věku i diagnostiky v tomto období. Kromě metod používaných v anglicky a německy mluvících zemích jsem se snažila doplnit i spektrum diagnostických nástrojů pro předškolní věk používaných v českých zemích. Často se zde pak nabízely úvahy nakolik historický a kulturní vývoj v té dané zemi ovlivňuje úroveň vývoje dětí a potažmo vývojovou psychodiagnostiku. Jedním z důvodů proč jsem se pustila do převodu diagnostické metody z cizího jazykového prostředí do našich podmínek, byla možnost se tohoto převodu účastnit od samotných počátků. Při práci s anglickými prameny jsem zjišťovala, jak blízké si jsou naše země a Rakousko...
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