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Relation between the Czech and German culture. Folk culture of the Northern Pilsen region
Tureček, Martin ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
This diploma work is focused on the relationship between Czech and German folk culture in the Northern Pilsen region. In the first part we treat with inhabitation and structurizing of space in general paying special attention to one' s living in cultural landscape. In the second part we follow history of german settlement in Czechia, Moravia and Silesia. We highlight the most important events in this history presenting the milestones to the czech and german national interaction. Third part deals with history of Northern Pilsen region and also with history of both Czech and German nation in this region. In the fifth chapter we introduce the brief history of the folk costume, explain what it is and the we pay our attention to the Czech a German folk costume in the Northern Pilsen region separatelly. Next part describes folk architecture in the landscape close to the town of Plasy, Kralovice and Manětín. The final chapter of this diploma work is about small village chapels, sacellums, crosses and other diminutive relics of folk architecture in the region.
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The history and present of affirmative action
Štědroň, Jakub ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (advisor)
The term affirmative action (U.S. English), or positive discrimination (British English) means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. In search for the roots of Affirmative action I start at the very beginning of the US history describing institutionalized forms of slavery and later on segregation to demonstrate how deep and strong this exclusion was. Since the late 1960s this expression has been used to refer to policies that go beyond the simple prohibition of discrimination on grounds of race, national origin, and sex in employment practices and educational system. These policies require some further action, affirmative action, to make jobs and promotions and admissions to educational programs available to individuals from groups that have historically suffered from discrimination. ln an effort to create an unprejudiced picture of this phenomenon of American modern society I try to open my work for arguments of both side, the proponents and the opponents of affirmative action with the awareness of how controversial this issue for American citizens is. The work however comes to an conclusion, that affirmative action programs as they are and work at the moment do not meet...
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Gold in culture
Kaslová, Marta ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
Thesis titled Gold in Culture deals with the phenomenon of gold as a part of the human cul ture. It shows the role of gold in the human cultural history. Based on the basic syllabus, that the phenomenon of gold must be explored in two peculiar levels, material and symbolical, the thesis has been composed to interpret gold especially in context with human history, the history of the corporeal culture and the human imagination. Preamble chapter defines gold and its elementary physical and chemical characteristics, due to which this metal gained its irreplaceable position in the human culture. Next extensive chapter describes the evolvement of the relationship between gold and men, gold mining and gold processing in various historical period s, but also deals with its influence on shaping history of humankind, followed by chapter in which the symbolic and materiallevel of gold organically pervade. Further chapters analyze symbolic approach to gold in mythology, fairy-tales, legend s and Christianity. Last chapter is devoted to the reversed symbolism of gold in the Thomas More utopia. Thesis therefore summarizes the existing knowledge by every means related to the theme of gold into the convincing culturally historical study, in a way that exceeds the limits of the various fields of historical science towards...
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The term od culture in work of Václav Černý
Klinecký, Tomáš ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
Ve své diplomové práci se pOkusím o interpretaci některých myšlenek v díle literárního vědce a kritika, profesora Václava Černého. Mám za to, že se jedná o poměrně originální myšlenkovou soustavu, zvláště v českém prostředí, která zajímavým zpusobem přesahuje i do oboru, který na filozofické fakultě studuji. Proč? Víc než pro většinu jiných osobností je právě kultura v Černého díle chápana nejen jako soubor uměleckých artefaktu (s ohledem na jeho zaměření převážně literárních), ale často má rozměr kulturně antropologický, jak, doufám, doložím ve své práci. Tímto antropologickým rozměrem rozumím soubor otázek či postulátu, které si člověk klade v souvislosti se svojí existencí na světě. Stává se typem přemýšlení nad životním posláním a smyslem lidského života. Něco obdobného, dle mého názoru, představoval Černého přítel - Jan Patočka - v kontextu české filozofie. U Patočky se filozofie, stejně jako u Černého kultura, nestala jenom souborem myšlenek a tezí, ale především životním postojem. Ano, duvodem mi tedy zustává i to, že Václav Černý zustal celý život věrný základním imperativum, na kterých svoje chápaní kultury a člověka vystavěl. Větší část života byl právě pro tento zásadový postoj nejruznějším zpusobem perzekuován.
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Hallucinogenic and other drugs as cultural phenomenon
Vaňková, Jana ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
The subject of the work is a culturological theoretical-empirical analysis of two mutually connected and related topics: l-Hallucinogenic and other drugs, their consumption-abuse and addiction 2- Prevention of abuse of hallucinogenic and other drugs - forms of prevention and content. The subject of the dissertation is the problems associated with hallucinogenic and other drugs and their interpretation in the context of factors "hallucinogenic drugs, the individual and environment-society". The dissertation will be a culturological analysis including professional contributions on the problems concerning a subject which spans multiple fields. The goal of the dissertation is to give culturological contribution both for multiple fields discusion and practical prevention Acceptance of findings and observations from other fields is therefore essential, as is finding central points and common ground for co-operation with other desired fields. The work has two parts - a theoretical part and a practical one. The theoretical section will include an analysis of three basic levels in the consumption of hallucinogenic and other drugs. We can call the first level Consumption of hallucinogenic and other drugs as a specific human behaviour - a specific human expression. The work maps the attitude to hallucinogenic and...
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Folk culture of the North Pilsen: aspects of mutual Czech-German action
Tureček, Martin ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
This rigorous thesis is focused on the aspects of relationship between Czech and German folk culture in the Northern Pil sen region. In the first part we treat with inhabitation and structurizing of space in general paying special attention to one' s living in cultural landscape. In the second part we follow history of german settlement in Czechia, Moravia and Silesia. We highlight the most important events in this history presenting the milestones to the Czech and German national interaction. Third part deals with history of Northern Pi/sen region and also with history of both Czech and German nation in this geographical region. In the fifth chapter we introduce the brief history of the folk costume, explain what it is and then we pay our attention to the Czech and German folk costume in the Northern Pi/sen region separatelly. Next part describes folk architecture in the landscape close to the towns of Plasy, Kralovice and Manětín respectively. The final chapter of this rigorous thesis is about small village chapels, sacellums, crosses and other diminutive relics of folk architecture in the region.
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The origin and the present state of Czech Christmas celebrations. Development of habits and traditions of today's Christmas celebrations with thorough description of the present state, its reasons and its future prospects
Budinská, Jana ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
This work is trying to resume principles and origins of European winter solstice celebrations, with focus on today's celebrations and psychological/cultural aspects of its éxperience. As its background, it mentions today's Christmas traditions, their development and changes through the time, and their origins in the ancient Rome, tribes living on Czech territory (Celtic, Germanic and Slavonic), and Christian values and habits.
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Psychedelics like cultural phenomenon
Kubelka, Libor ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
V uvodu teto pnice jsem poukazal na zjevny rozpor, jakym jsou vnimana psychedelika v domorode a v zapadni kulture. Jak jsme si na ruznych prikladech v teto praci ukazali, priCina tohoto odlisneho pfistupu k psychedeliku a stavum zmeneneho vedomi jimi vyvolanymi spociva primarne v charakteru jejich odlisne kultury. V domorode (Ci tradicni nebo predindustrialni spolecnosti, at' uz ji nazyvame jakkoli) vede jejich uzivani k pochopeni reality a prirody, vztahu mezi vedomim a hmotou, je nastrojem ritualniho a duchovniho zivota a prostredkem prime komunikace s archetypalnimi r!Semi bohu a demonu. Umoznuji take diagnostikovat a leCit nemoci, kultivovat intuici, mimosmyslove vnimani a umeleckou inspiraci. V socialni rovine pak posiluji spolecenskou integritu a kmenove svazky a prispivaji k identifikaci svych clenu se svoji kulturou. To se odehrava predevsim v ritualizovanych zasvecovacich ritualech, kdy si clenove spolecnosti s pomoci psychedelik na vlastni kuzi overuji platnost a hodnotu davnovekych pravd, ktere slychali od samanu a starcu. Prave takove poznani jim umoznuje zakotveni ve vlastni kulture. Rizikovost uzivani psychedelik je zde naprosto minimalizovana ritualizovanym systemem uzivani, ktere probiha pod kontrolou samanu. Ti umeji zabranit neZadoucim uCinkum nebo jejich zneuzivani. Jak vyplyva z popisu...
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Culturological dimension of public space
Kittl, Adam ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Matějů, Martin (referee)
The problem of public space lS a comprehensive task, which does not response just to questions connected to human evolution and to the institution of public/common space - during the whole period of human progress. It is also widely connected to many human sciences of today life. On one side the culture stands as a typical mode of human adaption gradually movlllg from all-nature environment to typically human level. At this point the development of our own human space and its institutionalizing ln a framework of culture mechanisms distinctively contributed to human evolution and to the progress of human culture in general. On a platform of public space, most of what we consider as typically human was set. By the advent of fire, for the first time /and for good/ humans detach themselves against the na ture, pu tting them to final d uali ty o f h umans v s. nature. The primeval fire places became a central point of those communities. On those bases new abiological solutions were developed. This new world of our ancestors which we can call home - is c10sely connected to symbolic thinking, self-presentation and VlSlons or ideas, linked directly to the primitive meanlllg of the surrounding world of our predecessors.
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