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Environmental behavior of companies.....
Machová, Daniela ; Polák, Miloš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
This literature review summarizes a beginning and development of environmental activities and then an issue of environmental behavior of companies. It describes how companies can minimize eventual negative impacts of their work on environment using voluntary environmental activities and properly working environmental management. The next goal of the work is an assessment of one specific voluntary environmental activity, which is a project called "Green Company". This one is specialized in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and batteries. Nevertheless projects like this one can raise an interest of employees for environment, enhance their awareness and also help company to gain international certification like ISO 14001. Key words: company, environmental behavior, electrical and electronic equipment, ISO, EMAS
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Oil accidents anf theis effect on water quality.
Lebdušková, Helena ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
The basic aim of the thesis is descritpion of oil accidents, which are these days the normal part of our lives. I deal with the issue of oil extraction as a base material for petrol, oil and other oil-based products. The current methods of production make these accidents impossible to avoid. The biggest problems come from using large tankers to transport the oil, other problems bring oil processing and waste production. This thesis focuses on the assessment of oil accidents and their effects on water quality, as well as on the whole ecosystem. Keywords Oil, oil accident, water pollution
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Management of biowaste in CR
Matušová, Martina ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Marešová, Karolina (referee)
In the Czech Republic, there are fewer examples of separated collection of biologically degradable municipal waste in contrary to more developed EU countries. This situation could be resolved by such pilot projects that are already finished as well as still in progress. These projects are focused mainly on expected quantity, quality and composition of biologically degradable waste in particular cities and villages. According to results of the projects it is important to start changes in the system of biologically degradable waste treatment as soon as possible and throughout the whole cycle. The main driver for these changes is EU legislation that obliges to decrease a share of biologically degradable waste that ends up at landfill. In case the Czech Republic or any other EU country does not comply with the limits, there is a threat of high penalties. To make the new system work it will be necessary to take into account circumstances in particular villages and cities and primarily to secure disposal of the final products. Last but not least, it is crucial to inform and involve citizens. According to many studies, separated biologically degradable municipal waste is the highest-quality entrance material that can be used in the additional processing of treatment.
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Cleaner production
Stegarescu, Rodica ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
Preventing negative impacts on the environment is better than fixing it afterwards. From this argument the field of cleaner production has developed, which is the continuous application of an integral strategy to processes, products and services to increase the overall efficiency and reduce the risks to humans and the environment. For production processes cleaner production defines more efficient use of raw materials and energy, elimination of toxic, hazardous materials and preventing waste and emissions at source. For products (goods and services) cleaner production strategy focuses on reducing their environmental impact, and across their entire lifecycle, from development to their use. This strategy was firstly implemented in the United States, in the 3M company from Minnesota and after obtaining positive results, it spread all over the Word, in Europe though, pioneers were the Swedes. Many international organizations have created programs for the promotion and development of cleaner production in as many countries as possible, mostly through the National Center for CP, which were established in the early nineties by UNIDO and UNEP. These centers were created to provide services for businesses, governments and other participants and to assist with the implementation of methods, practices,...
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Agricultural waste treatment
Schneider, Martin ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
As a result of the deteriorating state of the environment due to intensive industrial and agricultural production activities, it is necessary to proceed to the pressure on polluters, both legislatively and economically. Slurry as a by-product is a valuable complex organomineral fertilizer. Its fertilization value is comparable with manure, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers. Moreover, the slurry has a significant content of organic substances. Slurry as a fertilizer is important especially today, when the czech agriculture has a great deficiency of manure caused by reduction in cattle. That s why slurry is an important alternative of fertilizers with biological origin with no pollutants. After production slurry contains many biologically harmful substances, so it s necessary to store it in slurry basins. Chemical and physical reactions during a period of four to six months cause, that slurry is rid of unwanted substances and qualities.
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desalination of see water
Pokorný, Lukáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
Along with the Earth's population growth the requirements for water supply increase. Resources of fresh water are already unable to supply citizens, industry and agriculture of some countries. This concerns in particular xeric, long-shore areas as Australia. These areas dispose of huge amount of water. Unfortunately it is saline water. Saline water contains lots of solute matter concentrated in 37000 mg per liter, which makes it unsuitable for any use. With an assistance of membrane processes it is possible to rid the water of this solute matter and hereafter use it as fresh water for industry or agriculture. The most expoited method of saline water purification is reverse osmosis, which offers the best performance in proportion to the consumtion of electric energy.
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Effecto of surface winning on the freshwater quality
Hurychová, Renata ; Přikryl, Ivo (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The aim of this work is to show, how much different is the flowing mine water and water, which was not affected by surface mining. The literature on this theme was collected and evaluated. The question was studied in the experimental project, which covered examination of mine landscape water in Sokolovsko. In this research, 17 samples of different flowing water were taken and following values were determined: pH, conductivity, acidity, alkality, hardness, content of nitrates and nitrites, amonnium ions, phosphates, iron, chloride, calcium and manganese ions. These data were compared between samples from sites with different degrees of mining extension. The measured values were compared with previously published values from other sites.
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Water and sediment chemistry of fluvial lakes of the Elbe River
Chalupová, Dagmar ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Jelínek, Emil (referee) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The presented paper aims at the problems of fluvial lakes in middle course of the Elbe River which has been influenced by the human activity since the Middle Ages. The oxbow lakes which are extremely precious ecosystems contributing to the stability of the river ecosystem show not only the changes of the course of the Elbe River. With regard to sedimenting a great amount of pollutants, these lakes also tell about the industrial pollution to which the river was exposed mainly in the second half of the 20th century due to insufficient precautions on industrial sources causing contamination. 5 cut lakes between Hradec Králové and Mělník have been studied within this research. These lakes differ in the intensity of communication with the river, in the distance from significant sources of industrial pollution and in the use of nearby land. The research included morphometric and bathymetric measures, observation of hydrological regime, seasonal measures in the water column and regular analysis of surface water samples. Profiles of sediments in the length that the used technology allowed were sampled, so that older anthropogenic load could be found out. The amount of organic carbon and concentration of selected metal and arsenic (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) were stated apart from grain size...
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Analysis of Littering in the protected areas of the Czech Republic
Hejdová, Jiřina ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Kotoulová, Zdenka (referee)
The problems of litter are now getting to the forefront of attention in the realm of waste research. The phenomenon of littering is monitored especially in towns, but not so much outside the urbanized areas. Waste represents, for both esthetic and conservationist reasons, an undesirable phenomenon. This holds true for the protected areas in particular. This Master's Thesis is concerned with the analysis of litter, which should be the first step in the prevention and solution of the problems of littering. Three protected landscape areas and two national parks were chosen for this survey. Two tourist trails were selected in each protected area - the main and the minor one. The collection of litter was carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Collected waste was categorized at first and then a number of pieces, weight and volume were set for each category concerned. The largest amount of litter was collected in the National park Krkonoše and the smallest in the Protected landscape area Kokořínsko. The largest number of litter pieces is represented by cigarette waste, followed by plastic and hygienic waste. PET bottles were the most common type of litter pieces found in the category of beverage containers. Three quarters of all litter was found on the main trails. The most litter was collected in the...
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