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Social services for the elderly people in the region Rakovnicko in the context of deinstitutionalization
Pokorná, Zuzana ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Angelovská, Olga (referee)
The thesis "Social services for the elderly in Rakovnicko and the trend of de- institutionalization" is trying to describe an effort to keep the elderly people as one of the largest groups of beneficiaries of local social services as long as possible at home. Its main objective is to determine the range of social services for the elderly in Rakovnicko district and based on the research of the key stakeholders (providers and local authorities) to assess whether the offer of social services is consistent with the trend of deinstitutionalization. The work is closely related to Rakovnik district and its municipality with extended powers The theoretical part of the work is based on a theory of public policy regulators in society , the principle of subsidiarity in social services and deinstitutionalization trend in social services. The resource background includes research covering the wishes ofseniors to remain in their homes as long as possible and documents that support this trend . The chapter on social services defines several legal terms based in Code No. 108/2006 Sb. on social services and describes the situation in recent years in the field of social services in the Czech Republic in relation to the target group of seniors. An important chapter is the chapter on social planning in the Czech...
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Mothers sentenced to jail with children under 3 years old
Pokorná, Zuzana ; Schindler-Wisten, Petra (advisor) ; Groman, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis handles with execution of a punishment of imprisonment, particularly focused on mothers with children aged up to 3 years. Special emphasis is laid on possible precaution in mother's following life. This thesis is based on research held in a special department for mothers and children in the Svetla nad Sazavou prison. Research method used in this work was oral history. This thesis contains mothers' narratives and related analyses focused on the pivotal matter of possible precautions. Regarding the chosen environment (imprisonment) and the reasons for establishing a special department (maintenance of the children's proper emotional development) I also try to focus on stigmatization. This includes the socio-psychological aspects and emotional development of a child during its first four years of life in connection with its mother as a unique person. Marginally I also mention the history of women's imprisonment in the area of today's Czech Republic.
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Developing a method for assessment of social cognition
Czekóová, Kristína ; Pokorná, Zuzana ; Špiláková, Beáta
Conducting ourselves accordingly in varying social situations demands sophisticated socio-cognitive capacities. Developing our nderstanding of such faculties demands tools that allow us to delineate them into their constituent social and emotional components. This is true particularly of empathy, believed to comprise a cognitive and affective component. The Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET) is used increasingly to investigate empathic awareness and expression. It is a picture-based/nmeasure designed to measure the dissociable cognitive and affective components of empathy independently. Currently, however, there exists no formal validation of the MET in the Czech Republic. To address this gap, this presentation describes the process be/nhind stimulus selection, item development, and validation according to the subjective evaluations of Czech and Slovak sample. /nWe believe that the resulting stimulus set will prove useful for future socio-cognitive and -emotion research.
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Golden nanoparticle in optical tweezers: influence of shape and orientation on optical trapping
Šiler, Martin ; Brzobohatý, Oto ; Chvátal, Lukáš ; Karásek, Vítězslav ; Paták, Aleš ; Pokorná, Zuzana ; Mika, Filip ; Zemánek, Pavel
Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increased attention in recent years due to various applications of resonant collective oscillations of free electrons excited with light (plasmon resonance). In contrast to bulk metal materials, where this plasmon resonance frequency depends only on the free electron number density, the optical response of gold and silver NPs can be tuned over the visible and near-infrared spectral region by the size and shape of the NP. Precise and remote placement and orientation of NPs inside cells or tissue would provide another degree of control for these applications. A single focused laser beam – optical tweezers – represents the most frequently used arrangement which provides threedimensional (3D) contact-less manipulation with dielectric objects or living cells ranging in size from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. It was believed that larger metal NPs behave as tiny mirrors that are pushed by the light beam radiative force along the direction of beam propagation, without a chance to be confined. However, recently several groups have reported successful optical trapping of gold and silver particles as large as 250 nm. We\noffer an explanation based on the fact that metal nanoparticles naturally occur in various nonspherical\nshapes, and their optical properties differ significantly due to changes in localized plasmon excitation.
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Scanning very low energy electron microscopy for the characterization of polycrystalline metal samples
Pokorná, Zuzana ; Knápek, Alexandr
We explored the possibility of a Scanning Electron Microscopy technique for the determination of crystallographic orientation, based on the measurement of the reflectivity of very low energy electrons. Our experiments are based on the concept that in the incident electron energy range 0–30 eV, electron reflectivity can be correlated with the electronic structure of the material, which varies with the local crystallographic orientation of the specimen.\nThe motivation for the development of this technique was to achieve a quick and highresolution means for determining the crystallographic orientation of very small grains in a polycrystalline material. The key limiting factor was the cleanliness of the sample surface and also the geometrical setup of the experiment.
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Field emission from the surface of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
Knápek, Alexandr ; Pokorná, Zuzana
This paper deals with the electrical characterization of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface based on field emission of electrons. The effect of field emission, occurs only at disrupted surface, i.e. surface containing ripped and warped shreds of the uppermost layers of graphite. These deformations provide the necessary field gradients which are required for measuring tunneling current caused by field electron emission. Results of the field emission measurements are correlated with other surface\ncharacterization methods such as scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) or atomic force microscopy. A simple method utilizing the field emission of electrons has been devised to characterize the sample surface. Electron and probe microscopies were used to determine the structure of both the bulk sample and the partially exfoliated shreds of the uppermost layers of graphite in locations where field emission is observed.
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Imaging of carbon nanostructures by low energy STEM below 5 keV
Pokorná, Zuzana ; Knápek, Alexandr ; Jašek, O. ; Prášek, J. ; Majzlíková, P.
Our work deals with the imaging of nanostructures composed of light biogenic elements, such as carbon nanotubes, by low energy scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Compared to imaging at the voltages commonly used for TEM and STEM, low energy electrons seem very promising in terms of specimen damage that is caused by a number of elastic andn inelastic collisions. In carbonaceous materials, the most problematic is probably the knock-on damage, where the structure can be impaired by carbon atom displacement. To avoid this problem with structures composed of light elements, a reduction in beam voltage going down to 5 keV has recently been proposed. The range below 5 keV has not been explored yet for this purpose, although electron scattering in matter is lower for these energies, which allows achieving a higher spatial resolution. We aim to demonstrate that additional reduction of incident electron energy may yield interesting contrast features.
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9th International Conference on Charged Particle Optics. Book of Abstracts
Mika, Filip ; Pokorná, Zuzana
The series of conferences on charged-particle optics was launched in 1980 by Hermann Wollnik together with the late Karl Brown and myself in an attempt to bring together the three main CPO communities, accelerator optics, spectrometer optics and electron optics. All three groups were pleased and somewhat surprised to discover how much they had in common, and it was decided to continue to meet at regular intervals. The fact that so many contributions have been submitted to this ninth meeting shows that the formula is as attractive as ever and the organisers have succeeded in producing a balanced programme with much original material in each of the domains of interest. Brno is well known for major contributions to software for CPO and for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy. There have been exciting developments in all the areas covered by the conference. In electron optics, the successful implementation of aberration correctors for electron microscopes has dominated the literature for the last few years but other aspects of the subject have not been neglected; a session is devoted to ion optics. The optics of accelerators and mass and energy spectrometers is likewise providing many surprises. These proceedings provide a unique snapshot of the world of charged-particle optics in 2014.
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Imaging the local density of electronic states by very low energy electron reflectivity
Pokorná, Zuzana ; Frank, Luděk
This work was concerned with the relationship between the reflectivity of very low energy electrons from a crystalline sample and its density of electron states above the vacuum level. Also, as different crystallographic orientations of the same single crystal exhibit different density of states, the usefulness of electron reflectivity at very low energies was demonstrated for the determination of crystallographic orientation. The technique chosen was the Scanning Low Energy Electron Microscopy (SLEEM) wich allows using arbitrarily low electron energies while preserving a very good image resolution. In our experiments, the incident electron energy ranged between 0 and 45 eV.
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