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Study the incidence, management and economy diapers in social institutions
Ševčíková, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Zimová, Magdalena (referee)
Composition of municipal waste is changing in last period because of demographical changes. These changes cause increased volume of waste of rare appearance or new waste type. One example are diapers. Majority of social insitutions use diapers however its disposal is unclear.Goal of this thesis is to monitor consumption and disposal of diapers at social institutions (retirement homes, geriatry). The thesis will also evaluate cost of diapers purchase and disposal. The conclusion is devoted to the production of waste in Prague, which is assigned according to Waste Cataloguenumber 18 01 03. Under this number is also used fallsincontinence. The paper tries to highlight the economic aspects of purchasing and production of incontinent aids used in hospitals, nursing homes and long-term patients.
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Effect of polymers on the physical properties of waterworks sludge
Svěrák, Michal ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Vašek, Petr (referee)
Water treatment sludge disposal has been an important issue for decades. The actual system of sludge treatment is still not satisfying. The whole area is mainly focused on sludge volume reduction - dewatering. Sludge dewatering efficiency is based on many factors. Most important are the quality of raw water, technology of water treatment and sludge storage system. Two laboratory methods are used for measuring sludge dewatering ratio - capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF). As a dewatering method filtration is mostly used, but centrifugation and clarification are also popular. The latest trend in sludge dewatering is usage of polymers, which improves and supports the dewatering of sludge. Dewatered and thickened sludge can be used as a secondary material or disposed at dumps.
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The study of water quality in springs and wells in Křivoklátsko area.
Brabenec, Tomáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Popovský, Jiří (referee)
At present, the nature around us is constantly being polluted by anthropogenic activities; therefore the quality of all components of the environment, including water must be monitored. This thesis examines mainly the water quality in selected springs and wells in the Protected Landscape Area of Křivoklátsko. For individual wells is shown in what environment they are and even some history. Several locations were tipped off where water sampling was carried out, and in the laboratory the basic physico-chemical parameters were defined. In conclusion of this thesis, are the individual wells and springs included in water quality classes according to CSN 75 7221. It is shown that monitored parameters have exceeded limits and whether the water in a well and spring is drinking or not.
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Waste Management Forecasting in the Czech Republic
Černík, Bohumil ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (referee)
Conclusions The objective of work was to describe in this forecasting target a future development of municipal waste management system in the CR by 2015 (2020), find out the most important factors and describe possible risks of the development thereof. Moreover, the partial objective was to specify instruments for the elimination of possible risks and propose measures for the implementation of relevant instruments. The future development of municipal waste industry in the CR is predetermined by the development of the Czech economics and environmental legislation. When considering cohesion of economics of the CR and EU countries the prognosis subject is connected with the condition of European economy in a near future, and with the process and results of laying down the European directives relevant to waste management. A result of the forecasting work is the ascertainment that serious problems are to be awaited by 2015 with reference to the predicted development of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of household (municipal) waste, requirements of legal regulations in the area of recycling and recovery of packaging waste, regulation and reduction of landfilling of waste, and restriction of energetic recovery of municipal waste declared by the Government. One of the most decisive measures for the...
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Monitoring of selected drugs in surface water
Langová, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Křenková, Marcela (referee)
This literature review based on recent works, deals with surface water above all river water, focusing on occurrence and detected concentration of pharmaceuticals. Targeted substances were selected according to four moulds: consumption in the Czech Republic - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, resistance in the environment - antiepileptic carbamazepin, possible environmental risks - estrogens and according to published findings of these drugs. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals was not only note in the surface water but in the drinking water too. Through this review, it appears that the pharmaceutical risk must be considered. Key words: PPCPs, pharmaceuticals, surface water, NSAIDs, carbamazepin, estrogens
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The effect of dump waters on the quality of surface stream in Czech Republic
Samšuková, Eva ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Křenková, Marcela (referee)
A landfill leachate is a chemical solution generated in the waste materials that are dumped in a landfill. According to the increasing amount of waste produced worldwide the risk that leachate water gets out of a landfill and contaminates with contained pollutants surrounding environment, e.g. nearby surface water, rises. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect that leachates have to surface water in the Czech Republic. The research was built on primary data that had been obtained in several landfills in the Czech Republic. Important sources were also obtained through the secondary literature. Possible influence of leachates is also outlined by chemical calculating illustrating a hypothetical situation of leaking landfill water to a stream. My research showed that the impact of landfill water on surface water presents a great risk. It can occur during ordinary operations of the landfill operations - due to instable technical installation or due to dumping waste with a different extract conditions, but also as a consequence of extraordinary situations (e. g. storms). Surface water is mostly polluted with heavy metals, chlorides or nitrogen in variety of its forms. High concentration of organic matters is also detected by COD and BOD indicators. Exceeding legal limits threatens the whole surface...
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Monitoring of water quality in protected landscape area streams - Křivoklátsko
Kesnerová, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Riesová, Martina (referee)
This thesis deals with monitoring of surface water quality in CHKO Křivoklátsko. The main purpose of monitoring is to obtain information about a state of flow and development during the previous period and to determine the pollution stage according to relevant standards. The theoretical part describes the basic information about the locality where they come from water samples and basic characteristics of sets of parameters. This section also includes theoretical assesment of sediment. The experimental part shows the practical determinates of each parameter, with the calculation of the quantities present and physical indicators. This section is followed by evaluation of measurement results, which are arranged in tables, including readings of all required parameters. The paper concludes an assessment of the monitoring of quality and compare the current state compared with the previous reporting period at each sampling point. Key words: chemical composition of water, water quality, sediments
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Mapping Of Litavka Basin Using GIS
Barešová, Magdalena ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The purpose of this work is the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) for a model evaluation of a selected area of Litavka basin. The theoretical section focuses on the description of GIS, GPS and selected GIS projects (ZABAGED, National inventory of contaminated sites, ArcČR500). The practical area focuses on processing the data. There were several thematic layers created including: the digital terrain model (DTM), thematic layer on the slope, aspect to the north, and a layer of aerial photographs containing current and historical status. The project was completed with a thematic layer of test sampling profiles. The practical part included a chemical analysis of water samples from Litavka carried out in Laboratory of water protection of the Institute for Environmental Studies. The purpose was to demonstrate the influence of rural agglomeration on water quality changes. The quality grade of the flow was determined by appointed indicators according to the Czech Technical Standard CSN 75 7221 Water quality. All data was entered into the GIS project. Key words Geographical Information System, mapping, Digital Terrain Model, Global Positioning System, Litavka, river basin/watershed, quality of surface water
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Sink disposers and theirs importance in biological degradable waste removal.
Amemori, Anna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
Some 30 - 50 % of municipal solid waste (MSW) is biodegradable waste. Most of this waste is sent to landfills or incinerated and is not recovered. According to Waste Management Plan of Czech Republic based on the Landfill Directive of EU, Czech Republic should to reduce weight of biodegradable waste sent to lanndfills to 75 % in 2010 and 35 % in 2020 compared with the amount that had been landfilled in 1995. In rural areas biodegradable waste is fed to animals or treated by home composting. However in urban areas the collection of separated biowaste is problem for a long time. Food waste disposers (FWDs) presents interesting alternative for the biowaste disposal. They enable the separation of food waste at source by shreding it in a kitchen sink. FWDs utilize existing infrastructure of sewer system to transport shreded wastes to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Wastes can be disposed in WWTPs by anaerobic digestion - the best method for disposal of food waste of animal origin. This work concentrates on literature research of studies about feasibility of FWD as a instrument for biodegradable waste removal and compares arguments for and against using of FWDs in households. Majority of studies shows no complications in sewer system and on WWTP after instalation of FWDs. Energetic and hydraulic consumption...
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Aluminium fractionation in water treatment.
Houšková, Lucie ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Janečková, Lucie (referee)
Aluminium and natural organic compounds are common components of surface water in our country. Removal of these substance represents one of basic problems of water treatment. Chemical treatment process is based on particles destabilisation and aggregation. The efficiency of treatment is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions, type and dosage of destabilisation reagens, reactive pH, the mean velocity gradient and the period of its duration). Common water treatment technologies are based on the reagent doeses optimisation. Properties of formed aggregates (namely their size, shape and density) and their separation capabilities are influenced by the magnitude of the velocity gradient and the period of its application. This thesis is focused on the optimisation of doses of alum - Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O and the properties of aggregation. For increasing of alkalinity the lime water was used as an alkalisation reagent. Laboratory tests were conducted by jar test using the variable speed paddle gang stirrer. The result showes that Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O is suitable destabilisation reagens, but salts of the Fe3+ ionts are better.
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