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The Poetics of the British Sitcom
VESELÝ, Jan
This master's thesis is focused on British sitcoms, which represent one of the basic elements of British humour as a much sought-after phenomenon across the world, including the Czech Republic. The thesis aims to introduce the reader to this particular television genre and outline the elements of comedic content both in general, as well as in relation to certain selected works. The thesis also aims to demonstrate how the described phenomenon transcends the usual framework of television. Regarding the methodology for examining the subject matter, a synthesis of relevant sources as well as various insights obtained during the master's studies are used to examine certain selected works of popular culture which represent the very essence of British sitcoms. The thesis outlines the boundaries of a television sitcom as an independent genre, also focusing on comedic works preceding the sitcom, overlaps with other genres and various specifics connected to the British cultural environment. Established macro theories of humour are applied to the British sitcom in order to explain the source of the comedic effect, as well as the influence of comedy in relation to relieving tension within society. The thesis focuses in particular on careful observations of the humour in certain cult works of comedy, such as Yes, Minister/Yes, Prime Minister, 'Allo 'Allo!, Red Dwarf and The IT Crowd. The closest attention is paid to the role of the individual characters and environments in selected sitcoms, since those elements might be considered vital for a successful sitcom. The influences of British productions in this area as a whole are also mentioned, noting the social relevance of this often-overlooked phenomenon.
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Development of catalytic systems suitable for the enantioselective synthesis of heterocycles
Dočekal, Vojtěch ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Cibulka, Radek (referee) ; Pospíšil, Jiří (referee)
The development of novel methodologies and synthetic strategies for the preparation of complex 3D heterocyclic compounds with the well-defined spatial arrangement of functional groups represents one of the most studied research problems in current synthetic chemistry. Nowadays, organocatalysis (beside transition-metal catalysis and biocatalysis) became the most popular tool, because of usage small chiral organic compound for asymmetric induction and acceleration of reaction. In this thesis, the development of novel organocatalytic methodologies for the preparation of various heterocyclic compounds is described. The utility of novel methodologies is demonstrated by easy access to chiral building block molecules or products with valuable physical or biological properties. In the first part, a novel [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of sulfur-containing heterocyclic electron-deficient alkenes with allenic compounds catalyzed by chiral tertiary amine is described. Organocatalytic cycloaddition reaction of 3-benzylidene benzo[b]thiophenones with allenoates was investigated and optimized. Dihydro-2H-pyranes were obtained in high isolated yields (up to 92%) and optical purities (up to 99% ee). The robustness and synthetic utility of the developed methodology was demonstrated by a simple work-up of...
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Preparation of chiral amides and their use as organocatalysts
Brandejsová, Aneta ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radim (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on preparation of C-9 amino derivatives of Cinchona alkaloids and derived bifunctional squaramide catalysts, which are used as organocatalysts in a wide variety of chemical transformations leading to enantiomerically pure compounds. The first part deals with choosing the most efficient method for the preparation of C-9 amino derivates of Cinchona alkaloids and the synthesis of four selected examples. In the second part, the prepared derivates are used for the synthesis of bifunctional squaramide catalysts, which are further tested in newly designed cyclization reactions.
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Enantioselective synthesis of spirooxindoles
Vopálenská, Andrea ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Rýček, Lukáš (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on the enantioselective synthesis of spiro[cyclopentane- oxindoles] from 3-alkylideneoxindoles and 1-bromo-3-nitropropane catalyzed by chiral bifunctional organocatalysts. The first part of this work is devoted to the preparation of the proposed starting 3-alkylideneoxindoles and 1-bromo-3-nitropropane. In the second part, the reaction conditions of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral spirooxindoles were optimized, and then the scope of the method's use on selected substrates was studied under the optimized conditions.
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Derivatives of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate as potential inhibitors of UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase
Černá, Lucie ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of phosphonate derivatives of N-acetyl- ᴅ-glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), the substrate for UDP-GlcNAc pyrophospho- rylase (UAP1) enzyme, which is responsible for the chitin synthesis in fungal cell walls. Structural analogs of GlcNAc-1-P could potentially inhibit UAP1 and; therefore, their synthesis may enable the development of new antifungal drugs. This work is mainly focused on the synthesis of diethyl (2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosyl)phosphonate which was selected as a key model compound. The goal was to find the most suitable synthetic route leading to the synthesis of phosphonate and phosphinate GlcNAc-1-P analogues. Two synthetic methods were studied: 1) Michael addition of H-phosphonates to 2-nitroglucals; and 2) nucleophilic substitution of activated GlcNAc substrates (trichloroacetimidate and bromide) by phosphorus nucleophiles. Keywords: GlcNAc-1-P, UDP-GlcNAc pyrophosphorylase, antifungal, inhibitor
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Design, Synthesis, and Application of Novel Bifunctional (Thio)urea Organocatalysts Derived from Saccharides & Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Arylation of (η6-Arene)Chromium Complexes
Gergelitsová, Ivana ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Sedlák, Miloš (referee) ; Urban, Milan (referee)
The first part of the thesis is focused on the design, synthesis, evaluation, and application of novel bifunctional (thio)urea organocatalysts derived from saccharides. Combination of H-bonding donor (thio)urea moiety with Lewis base active site in a single chiral scaffold (e.g., 1,2-trans-cyclohexyl, cinchona alkaloids, 1,1'-binaphthyl) is a popular motif in catalyst design. Only limited attention has been paid to the synthesis of bifunctional (thio)ureas using saccharides as a chiral scaffold. Saccharides bring the advantage of the availability of various diastereomeric forms. Moreover, they offer modification of steric, electronic, and solubility properties via O-substitution. Three types of novel organocatalysts were designed: C2-symmetrical thiourea/tertiary amines entirely derived from 2-amino-2-deoxy saccharides, thiourea/primary amines based on pentopyranose and a cyclohexane skeleton, and (thio)urea/tertiary phosphines containing both saccharide and α-amino acid unit. Both functional groups of organocatalysts of the first type are located on the saccharide unit, and it is the only element which fully determines stereoselectivity. This is an exceptional approach as the majority of saccharide-based organocatalysts use saccharide as a bulky electron- withdrawing substituent. However, the...
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Synthesis of chiral secondary amines useful as organocatalysts
Urban, Michal ; Veselý, Jan (advisor) ; Drahoňovský, Dušan (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the preparation of chiral secondary amines, which are used as catalysts in many chemical transformations leading to enantimerically pure compounds. The emphasis of this work is placed on the comparison of the effectiveness of published syntheses those organocatalysts. The first part focuses on the comparison of efficiency and optimization of two methods of preparation Jørgensen's catalyst, the first approach is based on the Z-protected (S)-proline, and in the second approach as starting material was used. The second part deals with the preparation of other Jørgensen's and Hayashi's types of catalysts, via introduction of various silyl functional groups.
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Catalytic testing of polar amidophosphines
Šrámková, Helena ; Štěpnička, Petr (advisor) ; Veselý, Jan (referee)
Catalytic testing of polar amidophosphines: abstract A series of new nine arylruthenium complexes [(aryl)RuCl2(L)] was studied in isomerisations of allylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds. The best reaction conditions were found. The best solvent and reaction temperature were chosen. The best amount of catalyst and the best base and its amount were chosen too. In these conditions, the catalysts were tested for four substituted allylic alcohols. It was proven that these catalysts isomerise readily simple allylic alcohols, but not substrates that is highly substituted.
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