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Phytoplankton in acidified lakes: structure, function and response to ecosystem recovery
Nedbalová, Linda ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Štefková, Elena (referee) ; Komárková, Jaroslava (referee)
Souhrn Předkládanáprácese zabývázejménaruznýmiaspektyeko|ogieplanktonuhorskýchjezer, kterése v současnostizotavujíz acidifikace. Následuje stručnýsouhm přiložených publikacís důrazemnafytoplankton. 1. Biologické zotavováníšumavských jezer z acidifikace (NEDBALoVÁ& al. 2006a) Tato práce se na záklaclě údajůzískanýchna podzim 2003 zatrtěÍilana podrobné vyhodnocenísoučasnéhostavuchemickéhoa biologickéhozotavováníosmi šumavských jezerz acidifikace.Ve srovnánís datyz roku 1999jiŽdošlove čtyřechjezerechk obnovení jejich uhličitanovéhopufračníhosystému(Kleiner ArberseeoPráši|ské,GrosserArbersee a Laka).Zbývajic|čtyřijezeravšakstálezůstávajíacidifikována(Černé,Čertovo,Rachelsee a Plešné).MnoŽstvía sloŽeníobjemověváŽenýchprůměrubiomasyplanktonuodráŽelo rozdíly v acidifikačnímstatutu a v přísunu Živin do jednotlivých jezer. Zal|mco bakterioplanktonbyl hlavní složkou biomasy v acidifikovanýchjezerech s výjimkou PleŠnéhojezer4 v zotavujícíchse jezerech dominoval fytoplanktonspolečněse zooplanktonem.PřevahaÍytoplanktonubyla charakteristickápro mezotrofníPlešnéjezero, kterése vyznačujevyššímpřisunemfosforu.Celkově lze shrnout.Že druhovésloŽení a mnoŽstvíbiomasyltoplanktonu vjednotlivýchjezerechbylo ovlivněnozejménarozdíly ve stupni jejich acidifikace, dostupnostiŽivin a charakteruzooplanktonu.Například příčinou vysokého...
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Recent and subfossil chironomids as a tool for tracing of environmental changes in mountain lakes of glacial origin
Tátosová, Jolana ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Šporka, Ferdinand (referee) ; Brabec, Karel (referee)
JOLANA TÁTOSOVÁ, Charles University in Prague Ph.D. Thesis, 2008 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Summary Chironomid seasonality in a high mountain lake ecosystem - case study This paper summarizes result of the first complete round-year study of chironomids in the profundal zone of an oligotrophic high mountain Tatra lake - Ľadové lake - chosen as the key site in the EMERGE project. High mountain or arctic lakes are typical by the specific chironomid species composition, low species diversity at all and low abundances as well (Bretschko, 1974, Rieradevall & Prat, 1999, Aagaard, 1986, Brundin, 1956, Steinböck, 1955) Four chironomid taxa identified in the profundal of Ľadové lake (after average abundances) - Micropsectra radialis (Goetghebuer, 1939), Pseudodiamesa nivosa (Goetghebuer, 1928), Procladius (Holotanypus) sp. and Heterotrisscladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) - and the average chironomid density of 1 700 ind m-2 have confirmed this fact. The two most abundant taxa P. nivosa and M. radialis have demonstrated a univoltine life history with emergences in July and in August, respectively. According to published data, the univolitne life cycle of chironomids is expectable in high mountain or subarctic lakes (Moore, 1979, Wiederholm, 1977, Pechlaner et...
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Modeling the recovery of antropogenically acidified mountain waters
Hardekopf, David ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Krám, Pavel (referee) ; Marchetto, Aldo (referee)
11 Abstract In order for an economic system to function and produce goods and services necessary for meeting human needs, it behaves similarly to a living organism. It absorbs materials from the surrounding environment and transforms them into products, but ultimately all the materials are transformed into some kind of waste and emitted back into the environment. This flow of materials is referred to as industrial or socio-economic metabolism (Baccini and Brunner, 1991; Fischer-Kowalski and Haberl, 1993; Ayres and Simonis, 1994). Extraction of resources, consumption of materials and related emissions exert some pressure on the environment. So far, there has been a positive relation between meeting human needs and this pressure. The overall goal of developed countries within their strategies of sustainable development is to break the relation between pressure exerted on the environment and economic growth, which represents meeting of human needs and improvements in the standard of living. This phenomenon is called decoupling (EC, 2002, 2005, 2006; OECD, 2002; UN, 2002). One of the methods for assessing environmental pressure related to extraction and consumption of resources and materials is material flow analysis. In the case of economy- wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA), this method aims at...
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Zooplankton response to a change of water chemistry and amount of food during the recovery of lakes from acidification
Bartošíková, Martina ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Šorf, Michal (referee)
Anthropogenic acidification has affected assemblages in thousands of lakes in North America and Europe. It turned out that, during the acidification, the number of zooplankton changed and also the species composition of their assemblages, at some sites there was also the total disappearance. The main reason was a decrease of pH, wash out toxic aluminium and a change of trophic status. The rate and extent of biological recovery after restoring the pH in acidified lakes varies considerably across regions. Recovery of aquatic communities is significantly lagging behind the recovery in chemistry. Some zooplankton species are nonetheless able to quickly colonize recuperating ecosystems and in many acidified lakes again started to appear native species that have disappeared during acidification. The return of indigenous species, however, can be blocked acid-tolerant occurrence of species after species extinct occupied empty niches. Zooplankton can be affected by water chemistry directly, but also indirectly by the quality and quantity of food. An important factor is the possible spread of colonizing species. However, the relative roles of these factors in regulating recovery may be difficult to determine. Key words: zooplankton, acidification, water chemistry, aluminium toxicity, phytoplankton
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Influence of catchment characteristics of high-mountain lakes in the Tatra Mountains on water chemistry
Hynštová, Marie ; Stuchlík, Evžen (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
The presented thesis deals with catchments of the alpine lakes in the High Tatra Mountains. The lakes were subject of a long-term monitoring to detect changes of chemical and biotic composition of lake water induced by acid atmospheric deposition and by its decline. The studied processes required a quantitative approach to describe the characteristics of the catchments. The definition of new catchment parameters or the refining estimated parameters was not allowed without current technical and computing equipment because of the complexity of mountainous terrain. The morphological parameters for 26 catchments were obtained by analysis of the created digital elevation model (DEM) using tools of geographic information system (GIS, software ESRI ArcGIS 10.2). The land cover was detected by Google aerial map (2014). The links between chemical composition (NO3⁻, Σ(Ca2+ +Mg2+ )) and catchment properties based on the specified or refined catchment parameters (slope, portion of an area with a slope <26 ř in the catchment, proportion of different land cover types to the real catchment area) were analysed between the years 1993 and 2012 (respectively 2006). New morphological parameters were derived for the defined catchments. The catchments on the northern and the southern slope were distinguished by...
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The load of sediments and bentic organisms with trace metals in urban stream Botič
Hanzlíková, Lenka ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Stuchlík, Evžen (referee)
Trace element bioaccumulation in benthic organisms is important part of aquatic environment pollution research, since water and sediment analysis itselfs do not provide significant information about bioavailability of contaminants and the results mostly shows just current pollution at the time of sampling. This study focuses on urban streams contamination which are currently significant source of trace elements. Botic stream was chosen as exemplary, because it is affected by many combined sewer system overflows which are sources of contamination in times of heavy rain and flood. Load several sampling took place on 10 stream sites during the year of 2012. This thesis deals with 11 trace elements concretelly Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn, As, Fe, Pb and Al. Trace elements were assessed in both benthic organisms and sediment. As well taxons were selected from benthic organisms, which are widely found at any time of the reference year: caddisflies of family Hydropsychidae, leeches Erpobdella sp. and mayflies of Baetidae family. Sediment analysis included sequential extraction which divided trace elements into 4 fractions according to mobility. Based on the results, bioavailability was assessed on observed elements and correlation between concentration in bethos and sediment was tested. Finally, impact of...
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