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The Beginning of the Sacral Architecture in West Bohemia. Chapters from Church Archeology.
Čechura, Martin ; Sommer, Petr (advisor) ; Hauserová, Milena (referee) ; Kovář, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is a research of the oldest sacral architecture on the example of one region - West Bohemia. While historical research has suggested that the oldest churches were built at administrative castles and formed the basis of a great-parish system, archaeological sources show a different image. Already during the 11th century, we have documented a number of churches in the landscape. Their relationship to older burial grounds is being explored. Compared to the supposed discontinuity between older row burial sites and church cemeteries, it appears that in many cases there was a direct spatial connection. The churches were founded in places of older settlement, as well as in places of older cemeteries. Archaeological research has documented wooden buildings and stone architecture too. In several cases, spatial and functional links to residences have been explored. In many cases, a greater age of churches was proved. Some churches were preceded by an older sacral building. The position of some churches on important roads and borders indicates their symbolic role. The results of archaeological research formulated to questions who were the builders of these churches and what was their role in medieval society. Thus, the view of the early Christianization of the early medieval population...
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Modern technology and historical method
Sommer, Petr
Contemporary tendency to involve new technologies and methods into the historical research head towards extraordinary enlargement possibility to work on great collections of sources, but it is constantly important to formulize clear research questions and prospective aims.
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The development of parish network in the context of the history settlement
Gája, Robert ; Doležalová, Eva (advisor) ; Hledíková, Zdenka (referee) ; Sommer, Petr (referee)
Dissertation deals with the example of several areas of model development and reconstruction parochial parish boundaries in the Middle Ages. The research is based on medieval sources and retrospective projection of early modern sources. From the area archdeaconry Kouřimský selected two model areas on the territory of colonization was largely up during the Middle Ages colonization in the 13th century. This is an area of medieval deanery Havlíčkobrodský and territories Černokostelecko. For these areas were used except few medieval sources, particularly sources of the 17th and 18th centuries. As the last model was selected area Prague's Old Town, where you can watch unlike the previous two model areas dense network of church and its development since the early Middle Ages. The main reason for choosing Old Town is unusually rich source base, which may be used for the reconstruction of the parish network use to bridge basic source hiatus, with which science is usually encountered in the pre-season in attempts to reconstruct the parish boundaries in an area in the surface scale. An important contribution represents a completely new methodological approach to the reconstruction of parish boundaries combining parish registers and parish jurisdiction of individual individual houses. The result is...
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Coin finds in churces interior in Bohemia, their archaeological contexts and information value
Kout, Adam ; Sommer, Petr (advisor) ; Čechura, Martin (referee)
(in English) This diploma thesis deals with coin finds and their contexts in church interiors in Bohemia. It evaluates this issue and methodology and puts emphasis on usage of metal detectors in archeology. Coin finds are divided according to their relevant locations to two categories - mass findings or single findings. The knowledge is then evaluated in terms of church interiors and also in wider context. For easier orientation, in the total context, a history of every mentioned church is drawn in connection with coin finds. Integral part of diploma thesis is a well arranged catalogue of coin finds in churches interiors in Bohemia. At the end, coin finds are evaluated from several different points of view.
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Material culture of knights of the cross with the red heart
Moriová, Jana ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Klápště, Jan (advisor)
the Red Heart in Bohemia and summarises the results of investigation executed up to now. According to preserved written sources, this small order, also known in Bohemia under the name of Cyriacs, was established in the 13th century and belonged to the society of regular capitulars obeying St. Augustine's regulations. Convent in Rome, founded before 1256, was the oldest centre of the order; from the second half of the 13th century the capitulars were active in Bohemia and Poland and, at the end of the 14th century, the monastic houses were founded also in Lithuania. Most written sources unfortunately did not survive, therefore especially the beginning of the order history is quite obscure. Monasteries in Bohemia functioned up to the Hussite Wars - when all of them were destroyed and, with the exception of the Prague Convent, have never been renewed.
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Sacred buildings in early medieval central localities (on example of Žatec)
Chlustiková, Katarína ; Klápště, Jan (referee) ; Sommer, Petr (advisor)
Od doby romantického 19. storočia, kedy začali vznikať prvé práce vedecky nahliadajúce na architektonické pamiatky starých dob, prešlo už viac ako jedno ďalšie storočie. To nás naučilo skúmať možnosti historického štúdia a dovolilo tak klásť si neustále viac otázok. Vykryštalizovali sa samostatné vedné odbory pracujúce vlastnými metódami a prinášajúce mozaiku informácií o týchto pamiatkach z niekoľkých strán. Archeológia sa popri histórií a dejinách umenia začala uplatňovať pomerne neskoro. Nové možnosti jej otvorila predovšetkým nedávna doba prinášajúca spoločenské a technologické zmeny. Rozmachom stavebného priemyslu v posledných dvadsiatich rokoch tento vedný odbor zaznamenal nebývalý nárast pramennej základne. Tam, kde dejiny umenia hľadajú odpovede v revízií dávno známych umeleckých diel a opätovnom prehodnocovaní svojich možností a historické poznatky sa iba málokedy doplnia novým nálezom či opäť revíziou, archeológia može poskytnút' celkom nové poznatky. K podobnej situácií došlo aj v Žatci. Regionálne historické štúdium rozvíjané už v dobách romantizmu dovolilo definovať prvé predstavy o Žatci v ranom stredoveku. Zo zlomkovitých správ v písomných prameňoch sa postupom doby podarilo poukázať na význam lokality ako jedného z najdoležitejších hradísk a oporných bodov pfemyslovskej štátnej správy....
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Archeological coin finds, deniers and their contribution to understanding of the Czech history
Polanský, Luboš ; Sláma, Jiří (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee)
The study is dedicated to the particular selected examples where the coin finds - their archaeological context and numismatic analysis respectively - bring new data helping in completion and precision of our knowledge of the early medieval Bohemian history. The study is divided into three chapters covering the whole period of production of the deniers, i.e. the 10th, 11th, and 12th century with their special problems. Such analysis characterizes processing and interpretation of the archaeological material in the particular periods, and it also clearly shows which results (such as chronological classification) can be reached via detailed processing of the finds (hoards). The first chapter The Bohemian deniers of the 10th century in light of revision of the finds is focused on selected results got from research covered by the grant project, from detailed analysis of the material respectively. There are three subchapters gradually dealing with problems of the Slavníkid coinage, mint organization (the Vyšehrad case) and the mint-masters, plus characteristics of some important centers of the Přemyslid state based on the particular coin finds. The second chapter Jaromír, Oldřich and overcoming of the crisis after 1000 AD analyses problems of the coinage of the first half of the 11th century with respect to the...
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The medieval settlement in East Bohemia
Ježek, Martin ; Klápště, Jan (advisor) ; Sommer, Petr (referee) ; Sláma, Jiří (referee)
Předkládaná práce se snaží zhodnotit dosavadní prameny k vybraným otázkám středověkého osídlení východních Čech. Převážnou část pramenné základny k tomu tématu tvoří archeologický materiál, získaný v posledních desetiletích jednak terénním výzkumem městských jader, jednak povrchovými sběry v několika regionech. V této práci byl zpracován jeden z nich, a to bohatý fond z okrajové oblasti raně středověké sídelní oikumeny, Jaroměřska. Kapitola zaměřená na jeho poznání sleduje svědectví proměny sídlištní struktury raně středověkého venkova. Naproti tomu kapitola věnovaná nejstarším východočeským městům, až na výjimku královským, se zabývá především vývojem prostorové struktury v rámci městských hradeb. Různoběžnost chronologických rovin vyplývá z rozdílné dostupnosti poznání dějinných tendencí v rámci možností archeologie, resp. celého spektra metod historiografie. V úvodní části je zdůvodňován přístup k pojmu město, vázaný k sociálnímu postavení obyvatel nových sídel vznikajících ve 13. století v českých zemích. Na jeho základě je vedena dělící čára mezi často směšovanými urbánními formami mladšího pravěku a raného středověku a městy středověku vrcholného. Jako příklad je prezentováno Staré Město pražské 12. a staršího 13. století sjeho vyhlášenými románskými domy, pokládanými v literatuře za doklad raně...
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Industrial Area "Nové Pole" in Karvina and it's fate
Sommer, Petr ; Piecha, Marian (advisor) ; Hana, Jan (referee)
The topic of the this thesis is the analysis of further action of the companies located in Industrial zone "Karviná -- Nové Pole". There is made an analysis using the criteria of individual companies operating in industrial zone "Nové Pole" which are threatened by expansion of coal mining in the case of breaking the existing limits. The introductory part deals with basic terminology related to industrial zones, different types of zones and legislation associated with their construction. The theoretical part also focuses on support the development of industrial zones and the systém of investment incentives on the Moravian-Silesian Region. Practical part is about the evaluation of current situation of particular companies and the result is that companies will be more or less interested in staying in industrial zone "Nové Pole".
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