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Altruistic behavior and its connection with economic climate
Šarapatka, Jan ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to research and summarize the main thoughts of altruism. The thesis concludes that human expression of altruistic behavior is a result of many incentives, which author of the thesis suggests to split in external and internal motives. The thesis justifies view that altruistic behavior can be, except few exceptions, considered as rational. The thesis proves statement that neither CSR nor altruism of state can be considered to be altruistic in the true meaning. At the end, a new version of definition of altruism is suggested. The new version adds an extra condition of selflessness. Thus, the new version does not consider behavior motivated by cold economic calculus or pure reciprocity to be altruistic, even though it often might appear to be altruistic at a first glance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Exchange Rate Pass-Through in Central and Eastern Europe
Mirková, Barbora ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
This thesis examines the exchange rate pass-through into consumer prices in Central and Eastern Europe. The study is based on quarterly data of 12 countries from 2003 to 2013. Estimations are conducted using heterogeneous panel cointegration methods, namely the mean group and the pooled mean group estimators. Fixed effects are used as a reference. The thesis provides short- run and long-run estimates of the exchange rate pass-through for the individual countries and for the region as a whole. Based on the results, we conclude that the exchange rate pass-through is highly variable across Central and Eastern Europe. We find that there is no clear distinction between the pass-through rates in euro area countries, EU countries not using the euro and non- EU countries. Further, we find that the generally accepted concept of higher exchange rate pass- though in developing countries does not hold in this region. JEL Classification C23, E31, E52, F31 Keywords exchange rate pass-through, pooled mean group, mean group, heterogeneous panel cointegration Author's e-mail bara.mirkova@centrum.cz Supervisor's e-mail roman.horvath@gmail.com
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Measuring living standards with income and expenditures in the Czech Republic: how much does treatment of housing costs matter?
Vach, Daniel ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
The topic of this thesis is income and expenditures inequality and poverty in the Czech Republic between 2006 and 2011. For this purpose, I used three concepts of income and expenditures. They vary in accounting for housing costs. The inequality and the poor household's group composition differs based on the chosen concept. The first concept accounts for consumption flow from housing derived from market rents paid in similar dwellings. This thesis examines this concept closely because it has been used on the Czech dataset for the first time. Next concept includes the real housing costs and the last concept deducts housing costs completely to compare living standards of households without distorting housing costs. Income and expenditures inequality and poverty are examined based on these concepts. The results show that the share of the poor in the population slightly increased in the monitored period and especially between 2010 and 2011. Inequality remained approximately the same for all income concepts but slightly rose for all concepts of expenditures. This fact proves the necessity of additional measure to income. As regards poverty, the most endangered is a household of lone parent with children, and children generally. Attention is paid to regulated rent tenure type and the deregulation process. I study...
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Relationships between Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: Effects on Czech Export Oriented and Financial Industries
Habiňák, Ladislav ; Princ, Michael (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
The thesis describes effects of corporate governance on firm performance and managerial income of firms from sectors important for Czech GDP: financial sector and export-oriented manufacturing industries. Added value of the work comes mostly from the fact that it concerns Czech firms and especially that it studies the two sectors using econometric method as well as it compares them on graphs and tables. There are two main topics for hypotheses testing. Firstly, the thesis investigates effects on firm performance, measured by proxy variable return on equity, by sizes of executive boards and firms. Secondly, the effects of performance as well as companies and boards sizes on managerial income are studied.
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From credit growth to credit crunch: Analysis of responses to credit development in Central and Eastern Europe
Jašová, Martina ; Geršl, Adam (advisor) ; Havránek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis analyzes policy measures taken to curb the private sector credit growth in the period 2003-08. The thesis evaluates the excessiveness of the credit development in the CEE with respect to macroeconomic fundamentals. Based on the results, menu of policy options to counter adverse effects of the credit boom is reviewed. The analysis is based on a survey performed on eleven central banks in the region. The findings reveal high intensity of policy intervention: altogether 82 measures were taken in CEE in the period. Deriving from the country experiences, the thesis argues that in order to eliminate adverse impacts, policy measures should include combination of monetary and prudential tools with special emphasis on domestic environment and role of foreign banks in the CEE region.
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Determinants of Subjective Wellbeing: Comparison of Developed and Developing Countries
Halamka, Radek ; Bajgar, Matej (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
Recent studies concerning subjective wellbeing have not taken different conditions in developed and developing countries into consideration. Also, different types of factors affecting subjective wellbeing have rarely been researched together. This bachelor thesis seeks to fill the gap. Its main aim is to compare individual, economic, political and institutional determinants of life satisfaction within groups of states divided according to their level of economic development. Data from last three waves of World Values Survey are used here. I analyse dependence of life satisfaction on various determinants by ordered probit model. Results show substantial differences between the groups of states. Main results of the thesis show diminishing effect of both national and individual income with rising national income; a large difference between high and low income countries in perception of quality of government and of a concept of personal unemployment; highly appreciated democracy among high income countries; insignificance of attained education in the lower income groups; a positive effect of quality of education and health care among countries with lower national income; and a high effect of freedom of choice across all groups. The thesis points out high importance of taking levels of development into...
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The Comparison of Monetary Policy of ECB and FED and their Reaction to the Financial Crisis
Hajíčková, Tereza ; Raková, Marie (advisor) ; Jašová, Martina (referee)
Central banks are institutions which play an important role in today's market economies and which have an influence on economic development. Their influence was obvious during the last financial crisis when the measures taken by them were expected with impatience. This thesis is focused on the two important central banks in contemporary world - European Central Bank (ECB) and Federal Reserve System (FED). The first part of the thesis is a general description of central banking. It is followed by description of both banks with respect to their monetary politics. The last part of the thesis deals with the reactions of ECB and FED to the financial crisis. An analysis of the measures they have taken is also made. It is possible to conclude that monetary politics of ECB and FED was successful.
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From credit growth to credit crunch: Analysis of responses to credit development in CEE region
Jašová, Martina ; Geršl, Adam (advisor) ; Havránek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis analyzes policy measures taken to curb the private sector credit growth in the period 2003-08. The thesis evaluates the excessiveness of the credit development in the CEE with respect to macroeconomic fundamentals. Based on the results, menu of policy options to counter adverse effects of the credit boom is reviewed. The analysis is based on a survey performed on eleven central banks in the region. The findings reveal high intensity of policy intervention: altogether 82 measures were taken in CEE in the period. Deriving from the country experiences, the thesis argues that in order to eliminate adverse impacts, policy measures should include combination of monetary and prudential tools with special emphasis on domestic environment and role of foreign banks in the CEE region.
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