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The occurence and adverse health effects of acrylamide in food
Grassová, Sandra ; Bušová, Milena (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
AJ Acrylamide belongs to the group of process contaminants originating in foods with a high carbohydrate content during the heat process, as baking, frying, grilling, etc. For people is industrially producing acrylamide neurotoxic and according to IARC is classified probably as human carcinogen. Acrylamide which is occured in foods, probably makes up 1/3 of daily energy supply. The Bachelor thesis tries to give a comprehensive overview in the theoretical part information about Acrylamide - a description of its physical and chemical character, possibility of its industrial use, possibility of its exposure and dietary intake, information on its toxicity, occurrence and incidence in foods, the way of its elimination and finally its posibility of analytical determination. In the laboratory, the amount of acrylamide was determinated by the LC/MS method in selected foods. Of the 42 samples, acrylamide was not detected in 2 samples of extruded breakfast cereals. The lowest content of acrylamide was determined in extruded breakfast cereals (45 μg.kg-1 ), roasted muesli and cornflakes. The amount of acrylamide in these commodities ranged from 45-279 μg.kg-1 . Average values Acrylamide were contained in biscuits. The highest values were measured for potato chips and corn popcorn, from 83 to 1550 μg.kg-1 and...
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The impact of building isolation on CO2 concentration in flats
Čejková, Eliška ; Hovorka, Jan (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This diploma work investigates the influence of thermal insolation at residential buildings on the concentration of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in indoor environment. The studied area is a housing estate of panel buildings (flats) in Sezimovo Ústí city. The present work notices a positive impact of thermal insolation on energy demands of buildings and it is mainly saving consumed heat energy which is also connected with emission lowering of carbon dioxide emissions. The main problem which is soluted in the work is that total insolation is usually done without any ventilation solution. It means that it has later a negative impact on indoor environment/air quality in flats. The main part if this work presents measurements of indoor air quality - CO2 concentration, air change rate, temperature and relative humidity in an insolated (with plastic windows) and a non-insolated (with the original wooden windows) flats. The measurement lasted for three days in selected pairs of flats - with plastic and wooden windows. The measuremet took place in bedrooms because the behaviour of residents of households was very similar during their sleep. The air change rate was then caculated from CO2 concentration decay during period of 3 hours without residents. The main aim is to quantify these differences. The conclusion...
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Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale
Rychlíková, Eva ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale MUDr. Eva Rychlíková ABSTRACT Work involves a health impact assessment of the air pollution of aerosol particles at the some important steps. It describes evidence on air pollution exposure in vulnerable groups of population and searches for the effects. An exposure is a component of causal chains of diseases coming from external origin. And just because it is the main condition. If there is no exposure, there is no health risk. For a possibility to prevent disease we need to know an exposure. We investigated exposure with an activity questionaire in the three groups of population whose would be to the environmental factors, mainly air pollution, vulnerable. The personal exposure was monitored in a group of children. In preparing the questionnaire, we respect the recommendation of US EPA and WHO. Sensitivity is determined by the properties of the organism, specific period of its evolution, lifestyle and behaviour, the circumstances under which exposure to pollution occurs. We evaluated the effects on health which included short-time mortality, long-time mortality and respiratory morbidity in children.The air pollution and its development were evaluated in the Ustecky Region, Region of Prague and Moravskoslezsky region. The...
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The role of exposure assessment in development of risk reduction strategies for air quality
Bartoňová, Alena ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
The relationship between deteriorated outdoor air quality and human health is one of the most studied environmental health issues. The concept of exposure, the link between environmental status and human health, has emerged in the late 1970's, recognizing that fixed monitoring stations do not represent concentrations at the places where persons spend time. Many advances have been made since. Characterizing the individual's exposure reduces uncertainty in links with health, but it implies a question about how exposure (as opposed to directly using concentrations) can be used in the regulatory process. This thesis addresses exposure assessment from several perspectives, with the aim to address its role in air quality management. We are interested in how to use exposure information for policy- and decision making, we investigate if a European-level subgroup-based exposure estimate can provide useful information for designing differentiated measures to protect specific groups, we design an exposure estimate for risk assessment in a specific situation with limited health and air pollution data, and we describe the challenges of the inherent inter-disciplinarity and suggest how to deal with them. We introduce the "full chain" approach to environmental health that links policy - pollution source -...
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Characterization of indoor air in health care buildings
Hladíková, Dita ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Hospitals and healthcare facilities are very specific times of microenvironments, which requiring monitoring air quality. People who use healthcare facilities are due to a weakened immune system very sensitive to air quality. Acceptable indoor air quality in healthcare facilities may have adverse effects on job performance at the personnel and their errors may have very serious consequences. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the main components of the inner microclimate (temperature and relative air humidity) and concentrations of carbon dioxide in the environment of selected healthcare facilities in the Czech Republic and to compare the results with the related legislation. The measurements were carried out in two hospitals and nine private medical offices from December 2011 to March 2013. The results showed that the values of microclimate factors and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment of patient rooms were different in cold and warm part of the year. In the patient rooms the levels of relative humidity diverged from the legal requirements mostly in winter - while those of temperature in summer. The concentration of carbon dioxide was affected by the occupancy rate and the size of the rooms. Air quality in the operating theater was primarily characterized by very low relative...
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Exposure of children to atmospheric aerosol in school gyms
Šafránek, Jiří ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee) ; Heller, Jan (referee)
Research into indoor environment has shown that schools are buildings with high- levels of particulate matter concentrations. This is especially the case of schools situated in high-density traffic or in industrial areas. Several studies have also proven the impact of PM on the teenage generation's health. So far no detailed study has been performed to cover the environment of school gyms where the PM dynamics are different from other indoor microenvironments. This different dynamics relates to the gym environment heterogeneity and to the human activities taking place in it. Due to higher pulmonary ventilation, the exposure of the exercising pupils can reach levels possibly noxious to their health. Size resolved mass concentrations of aerosol were measured in three elementary Schools in Prague. One school was situated in the city centre with high traffic density. The second school was situated on a plateau on the periphery with a medium level traffic. The third school can be found in Prague south-western suburbia, in an open landscape, with low traffic density. PM concentrations were measured simultaneously in naturally ventilated gyms and outdoors ajacent to the particular school building. Two pairs of monitors were used throughout the study: A DustTrak Aerosol Monitor and a Personal Cascade...
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Methods of evaluation of microclimate conditions and light in students dormitory - comparison of new and old building
Cechel, Zbyszek ; Holcátová, Ivana (advisor) ; Dohnal, Karel (referee)
In my Bachelor Thesis I will deal with the evaluation of microclimatic conditions and artificial lighting in various rooms at two halls of residence. This evaluation concerns the following rooms: students' rooms, studies, halls, kitchens and bathrooms. Microclimate oriented measuring primarily includes ambient temperature, mean radiation temperature (globe temperature), air circulation rate and air humidity. I measured all these four parameters separately in each room. Upon the basis of these four main parameters and using a computer programme, I calculated other secondary microclimatic parameters which also participate in the overall microclimatic condition in a room and which must therefore by no means be disregarded. These particular parameters are stated below in the practical section as part of the individual evaluation of each measured room. The theoretical section of the Thesis also contains formulas which may be used for the calculation of the specific and exact value of a parameter which we may require by virtue of other data concerning or resulting from other microclimatic findings. In addition, I used the programme to calculate the recommended values (limits) of some of these parameters which should not be exceeded in any circumstances. In the event of their exceeding the set limits, the most...
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