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Socio-economic motivated migration; Impacts of "voting with your feet" in the U.S.
Schneider, Matthew ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
This paper explores the implications of tax policy on the migration habits of the wealthiest of tax paying groups in certain U.S. states, and quantifies those implications for readers so they have a better understanding of how human behavior and tax systems interact. This is done so by examining the general phenomena of tax related migration as it manifests itself in specific real- world examples. As such, this paper projects the number of high-income taxpayers lost based on increases to the rates of personal income tax, and the associated tax dollar gains/losses (i.e. to what extent are top-tax bracket filers "voting with their feet"?). The paper provides calculations for three different rates of population sensitivity, and the corresponding numbers of lost tax payers in relation to a tax increase. The paper then goes on to show the diminishing returns of tax rate increases on top-tax bracket payers by calculating the amount of time needed for migration to completely offset the original gains from the high rate of taxation. The findings of this paper, which examine the states of New York, California, and Connecticut, conclude that these states will exhaust tax gains from a 5% income tax increases on top-tax bracket payers in the long term (46 - 142 years), and further concentrate their top-tax...
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Wall Construction on U.S.-Mexican Border during the first two years of the Trump administration: political rhétoric and reality
Křížková, Marie ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Drhlíková, Eva (referee) ; Klvaňa, Tomáš (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the problem of building a wall on the US-Mexican border during two years of Donald Trump's presidency (January 20, 2017 - January 20, 2019). In particular, it analyzes the rhetoric of Trump's promise to build a wall and compares it to the reality of the US-Mexican border. The thesis finds out why the reality at the border after two years does not correspond to the previous rhetoric, to what extent these promises have been fulfilled and to what problems the construction of the border wall has encountered. The biggest problem was the financing of the wall, when Congress refused to approve the money and this escalating situation led to a shutdown. It is extremely important for Democrats, with Nancy Pelosi and Charles Schumer, that they stayed together in the shutdown and showed how hard it would be for Trump to reach his plan. Eight wall prototypes were built on the border in 2017 for testing. No wall based on these prototypes has been built or funded by Congress to date. On the contrary, in February 2019 they were demolished and removed.
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Assessment of U.S. and Mexican strategies to combat the drug trade
Primasová, Rachel ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Drhlíková, Eva (referee) ; Perutka, Lukáš (referee)
Primasová Rachel Abstrakt The drug trade between Mexico and the US is an important issue. With Barack Obama's era, the perception of the drug trade has been changed. Obama chose to look at this problem as a health issue. His attitude was distributed via the National drug control. However, at the end of his presidency strategy's goals had not been fulfilled and numbers of overdose deaths have been increasing as well as the number of addicted people. In Mexico, Felipe Calderón chose a strongly repressive attitude via the National development plan. His attitude became the "drug war" that caused violence in the street and led to the extension of the conflict. Next president Enrique Peña Nieto promised to take a step back to peace. But in the end, mortality raised to the maximum and the drug trade continued to be a great security problem. Both the US and the Mexican strategies failed to fulfil their goals due to not approaching the drug trade as a complex issue and disregarding changing circumstances. Keywords: Drug trade, drugs, USA, Mexico, Barack Obama, Enrique Peña Nieto, Felipe Calderón, ONDCP
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Mexico's Trade Policy During the Pena Nieto Administration
Ferrara Torres, Geovanna ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Benáček, Vladimír (referee)
Mexico's Trade Policy During The Pe Kryštof Kozák, Ph.D. Despite the efforts of trading with other countries, there is still a dominant economic dependence on the United States due to the NAFTA agreement. The master thesis studies Mexico's trade policy and its effects on trade during the Peña Nieto administration with particular attention paid to how the government has tried to diversify trade. A descriptive analysis is used with research in exports, imports and foreign direct investment.
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Media Portrait of Enrique Peña Nieto in The New York Times and Los Angeles Times
Vicková, Tereza ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Perutka, Lukáš (referee)
This Master's thesis is analyzing the media portrait of Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto in two American newspapers - The New York Times and Los Angeles Times. In this thesis, you can find the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of the image of Mexican president in the newspapers since his election in 2012 until the end of 2017. Peña Nieto is a member of Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) which was in power from 1929 till 2000. Peña Nieto is the first president after 12 years break who brought this party back to power. American presidential elections also took place during his administration and Barack Obama was replaced by Donald Trump. The thesis focus on three topics which are for many years the most critical parts of the U.S.-Mexican relationship: illegal immigration, the war on drugs and NAFTA. The analysis shows that Peña Nieto's image is portrayed in two opposite ways depends on the topic. He is presented as a competent leader in the questions of illegal immigration and NAFTA renegotiation. On the other, his leadership failed in the matter of drug issues in Mexico. The analysis also shows that Peña Nieto's image in the NY Times and the LA Times changed after Donald Trump's victory in the presidential elections. The difference of his image between the NY Times and the LA Times...
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The Specific Role of Quebec within Canadian Fiscal Federalism
Bandžak, Richard ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Canadian fiscal federalism is a set of complex relations on both federal and interprovincial levels. As each province faces different geographic, economic or demographic situation, federal government runs equalization program that aims to diminish potential economic gaps. Despite vaguely defined purpose, the transfers are unconditional - provinces could use them for any purpose they find appropriate. That could possibly cause distorted incentives such as flypaper effect in which politicians tend to adjust spending behavior according to source of income. Equalization payments are distributed based on potential capacity of each province to raise revenue. As Quebec has been the largest recipient of equalization grants with slow, if existent, convergence to the rest of provinces, it is subject of the analysis in the period from the year 1981, which marks breaking points in both Quebec and equalization system history, to 2016. Quebec tends to be blamed for taking advantage of the system by deliberately undervaluing its fiscal capacity through subsidized prices of electricity and by boosting its social expenditures. By incorporating descriptive statistics and discussion, this thesis concludes that Quebec's policymakers likely deliberately implement fiscal policies that in turn undervalue its fiscal...
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U. S. Congress and the Failed Comprehensive Immigration Reform: Comparative Study of 2007 and 2013 Proposals
Kristenová, Alice ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on the inability of the U. S. Congress to pass a comprehensive immigration reform. The main goal of the thesis is identification of key factors that prevent successful passage of this legislation. Two latest immigration reform proposals from 2007 and 2013 were selected for the research. To analyze them, process tracing was used. This method allows for better understanding of the legislative development. As an analytical framework, approach of John W. Kingdon was selected. His revised garbage can model of organizational choice applied to congressional decision making identifies three process streams that are critical for passing legislation in Congress - problem definition, policy generation and politics. Firstly, Kingdon's framework is described and then applied to the selected immigration reform proposals case studies. Emphasis is put on identification of factors that play key role in generating and passing the policy. Then, both case studies are compared to allow for more general inference. The key finding of the thesis is that the political stream is crucial to passing comprehensive immigration reform. Based on the comparative case study, political skills of leaders and political context significantly influence the ability of Congress to act on the immigration...
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