Mnohokostnaté ryby (Holostei) jako model současných evolučních studií

Križan, Adam

Holosteans (Holostei) are a relict group of ray-finned fishes that includes gars (Lepisosteiformes) and bowfins (Amiiformes). They represent the sister lineage of the highly derived teleost fishes. However, holosteans are also considered living fossils and have slowed evolution of the morphological, molecular and ontogenetic features. They retained the ancestral karyotype and many ancient genes that were lost in other lineages. Thanks to this, holosteans uncover the evolution of gene families or the consequences of teleost genome duplication. By using Holostei, it is possible to connect the genomes of distant vertebrate lineages in order to search for homologous sequences, which has a plethora of applications in biomedical research. Due to their ancient embryogenesis, holosteans also provide an ideal model for evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo). Ancestral features are present both in the earliest stages of development (cleavage and gastrulation), and also during the formation of the pharyngeal region or exoskeleton. Together with other non-teleost fishes, they are therefore crucial for the reconstruction of the ancestral embryonic processes and their evolution in various vertebrate lineages. The aim of this thesis is to present holosteans as a proper model for research of the teleost...

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