Ars inveniendi jako filosofická metoda. Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651-1708) a jeho aplikovaná teorie poznání

Vrtílka, Pavel

The primary topic of this dissertation is the theory of knowledge, and the logic which based on it, and contained in the main philosophical-logical work Medicina mentis, sive artis inveniendi præcepta generalia. Its author was philosopher, mathematician, naturalist, and inventor of the early Enlightenment Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus (1651-1708). Tschirnhaus' concept of inventive logic is denoted by the standard term ars inveniendi, i. e. the art of discovery, the art of invention, or the art of inventing something. In the introduction and conclusion of this thesis, Tschirnhaus's concept is placed in the context of traditional topica universalis (Τοπικά), which most often operate with the notion of ars inveniendi, coined by Cicero. Parts of this work are devoted to related topics such as philosophical anthropology and ethics, which the philosopher understands as special sciences derived from the four empirical principles. So far, only three sub-studies in the standard history of philosophy which could be classified under Spinozian and Leibnizian studies have been devoted to this historical topic. This paper aims to analyse the primary literature comprising the first and second editions of the Medicina mentis, including other relevant parts of the corpus of texts in question. Based on this...

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