Substrátová specifita, mechanismus a regulace aktivity intramembránových proteas z rodiny rhomboidů

Škerle, Jan

Intramembrane proteases from the rhomboid-like superfamily are enzymes widely distributed and conserved in all domains of life. They participate in many important processes such as membrane protein quality control or mitochondrial dynamics. Their activity is also linked with diseases like Parkinson's disease or cancer. This makes them potential therapeutic targets. In this work we tried to elucidate in more detail the mechanism of action of the main model intramembrane protease, GlpG from E. coli. We also focused on the mechanism of eukaryotic rhomboid RHBDL2, one of the four mammalian rhomboids, function of which is poorly understood. To acquire more detailed information about substrate-enzyme interaction, we synthesized a series of novel peptidyl-chloromethylketone inhibitors derived from natural rhomboid substrate TatA from P. stuartii. Crystal structure of the complex of GlpG with these inhibitors revealed four substrate binding subsites (S1 to S4) of the enzyme and explained its observed substrate specificity structurally. This study showed that substrate cleavage rate can be dramatically modified by changing the substrate sequence in positions P1 to P5. This helped us develop fluorogenic transmembrane peptide substrates for rhomboid proteases, which are usable in detergent and liposomes, and...

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