Original title: Vliv časného a pozdního sucha na obsah a složení proteinů pšeničného zrna u rané a pozdní odrůdy pšenice
Translated title: Influence of early and late drought on grain proteins content and composition in early and late variety of wheat
Authors: Vojteková, Vanesa ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
Document type: Bachelor's theses
Year: 2020
Language: slo
Publisher: Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická
Abstract: [slo] [eng]
V tejto bakalárskej práci bol sledovaný vplyv skorého a neskorého sucha na obsah a zloženie proteínov pšeničného zrna u dvoch odrôd pšenice ozimnej. Použité odrody boli Avenue a Tobak. Časť pšenice bola pestovaná za podmienok skorého sucha (obdobie kvitnutia), časť za podmienok neskorého sucha (doba plnenia zŕn) a časť bola prirodzene zavlažovaná. Polovica vzoriek bola hnojená dusíkatým hnojivom (200 kg N/ha), druhá polovica zostala bez hnojenia (0 kg N/ha). Zo vzoriek múky bol stanovený obsah mokrého lepku, hrubej bielkoviny, gliadínov a glutenínov. Výsledky boli vyhodnotené pomocou analýzy rozptylu. Odolnosť voči suchu závisí na odrode. Odroda Tobak je tolerantnejšia ku klimatickým podmienkam, avšak pomer gliadínov a glutenínov sa vplyvom sucha menil výraznejšie ako u odrody Avenue. Neskoré sucho zvýšilo obsah mokrého lepku u oboch odrôd, rovnako aj u hnojeného a nehnojeného variantu. Naopak, skoré sucho nemalo výrazný vplyv na obsah mokrého lepku. Skoré sucho znížilo obsah gliadínov, s výnimkou nehnojeného variantu odrody Avenue. Naopak, obsah glutenínov sa u oboch odrôd významne zvýšil vplyvom skorého sucha. Neskoré sucho zvýšilo obsah glutenínov len u nehnojeného variantu oboch odrôd. Za podmienok skorého sucha viedlo zvýšenie obsahu glutenínov k významnému poklesu gliadínov, a to najmä u hnojeného variantu. Rovnako, neskoré sucho spôsobilo pokles pomeru gliadínov ku glutenínom, s výnimkou hnojeného variantu odrody Tobak. Obsah hrubej bielkoviny sa zvýšil vplyvom neskorého sucha, s výnimkou nehnojeného variantu odrody Tobak. Skoré sucho spôsobilo naopak zníženie obsahu hrubej bielkoviny, a to najmä u nehnojeného variantu. In this bachelor thesis, the influence of early and late drought on grain protein content and composition in an early and late variety of winter wheat was studied. The varieties used were Avenue and Tobacco.One part of the plants was cultured under the conditions of early drought (bloom season), another part was grown under the conditions of late drought (grain filling season), the last part was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer (200 kg N/ha), the second half of plants were without nitrogen fertilizer (0 kg N/ha). Wet gluten, crude protein content, gliadin and glutenin content were determined from flour samples. Results were evaluated by analysis of variance. Drought resistance depends on the genotype. Tobak genotype is more tolerant to climatic conditions, but the drought had a more significant effect on gliadin and glutenin ratio than on the Avenue genotype. Late drought increased wet gluten content in both genotypes and both types of fertilization. On the other hand, the early drought did not affect wet gluten content. Early drought decreased gliadin content, with the exception of Avenue genotype without fertilization. Early drought also increased glutenin content. Late drought increased glutenin content only in the unfertilized variant. Early drought increased glutenin content which leads to decreased gliadin content, especially for nitrogen fertilization. Late drought caused a decrease of gliadin and glutenin ratio, except for Tobak genotype with fertilization. Late drought increased crude protein content, except for Tobak genotype without fertilization. Early drought decreased crude protein content, especially for the unfertilized variant.
Keywords: baking quality; corn quality; drought-stress; gliadins; gluten; glutenins; Winter wheat

Institution: Brno University of Technology (web)
Document availability information: Fulltext is available in the Brno University of Technology Digital Library.
Original record: http://hdl.handle.net/11012/195289

Permalink: http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433307


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Universities and colleges > Public universities > Brno University of Technology
Academic theses (ETDs) > Bachelor's theses