Menelaou, Pavlina

Pavlina Menelaou: Pharmacotherapy of breast cancer: Novel approaches, overcoming of multidrug resistance. (Diploma thesis) ABSTRACT Breast cancer arises when there is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the breast. Most often the tumor involves glandular breast cells in the ducts or lobules. The most common sign of breast cancer is a new lump or mass. Other possible signs can be redness, swelling, nipple discharge and more. Some risk factors of breast cancer can be alcohol, obesity, oral hormonal contraceptives, radiation, gender, age, hereditary/genetic aspects, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Breast cancer can be treated by surgery including mastectomy, lymphedema surgery and lumpectomy, by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. The novel methods include hormonal therapy using selective estrogen receptor modulators like tamoxifen, raloxifene, aromatase inhibitors like anastrozole and letrozole. One of the promising therapies is immune therapy with the use of interferons and other cytokines, dendritic cells and vaccines. Another novel approach is represented by the targeted therapy that is using monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and more promising ways. The gene therapy that is made to correct specific molecular defects that contributes to the cause or progressions of breast cancer...

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