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Molecular Study of Intracellular Changes as Response of Microorganisms to Environment
Čarnecká, Martina ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
In nature yeast cells live in a rapidly changing environment. In order to survive constant fluctuations in their external surroundings cells quickly and effectively adapt their internal systems to meet the challenges of each new environment. One aspect of this cellular adaptation is the reorganization of genomic expression to the program required for growth in each environment. This genomic reorganization results in altered cell’s metabolome and physiology. The molecular responses elicited by the cells dictate whether the organism adapts, survives or, if injured beyond repair, undergoes death. In this work, genomic, proteomic and metabolic profiles of some carotenogenic yeasts grown in optimal and stress conditions were compared. To increase the yield of carotenoid pigments, several types of environmental changes as well as nutrition stress were applied. Yeasts were cultivated under osmotic, oxidative and metal stress, on different carbon sources or on various waste materials (whey, potato extract). Some chemical and UV mutants were also prepared and tested. Changes on yeast metabolome level were studied by RP-HPLC/MS technique used to carotenoid analysis. Another possibility to study stress response is preparation of transformed cells with deletion of definite genes. For setup, the method was first optimized for fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Technique is based on knockout constructs that contain regions homologous to the target gene cloned into vectors carrying dominant drug-resistance markers. As transformation vector plasmid pCloneKanmx confering resistance to geneticine was used. The vector and constructs were digested by relevant restriction endonucleases, ligated, amplified in E.coli and transformed into the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe sp286. Positive transformants were selected according to resistance to geneticine and checking PCR products. By analysis of transformants proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation were identified.
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Molecular Study of Intracellular Changes as Response of Microorganisms to Environment
Čarnecká, Martina ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (oponent) ; Márová, Ivana (vedoucí práce)
In nature yeast cells live in a rapidly changing environment. In order to survive constant fluctuations in their external surroundings cells quickly and effectively adapt their internal systems to meet the challenges of each new environment. One aspect of this cellular adaptation is the reorganization of genomic expression to the program required for growth in each environment. This genomic reorganization results in altered cell’s metabolome and physiology. The molecular responses elicited by the cells dictate whether the organism adapts, survives or, if injured beyond repair, undergoes death. In this work, genomic, proteomic and metabolic profiles of some carotenogenic yeasts grown in optimal and stress conditions were compared. To increase the yield of carotenoid pigments, several types of environmental changes as well as nutrition stress were applied. Yeasts were cultivated under osmotic, oxidative and metal stress, on different carbon sources or on various waste materials (whey, potato extract). Some chemical and UV mutants were also prepared and tested. Changes on yeast metabolome level were studied by RP-HPLC/MS technique used to carotenoid analysis. Another possibility to study stress response is preparation of transformed cells with deletion of definite genes. For setup, the method was first optimized for fission yeasts Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Technique is based on knockout constructs that contain regions homologous to the target gene cloned into vectors carrying dominant drug-resistance markers. As transformation vector plasmid pCloneKanmx confering resistance to geneticine was used. The vector and constructs were digested by relevant restriction endonucleases, ligated, amplified in E.coli and transformed into the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe sp286. Positive transformants were selected according to resistance to geneticine and checking PCR products. By analysis of transformants proteins required for meiotic chromosome segregation were identified.
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