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Diagnostika parazitárních onemocnění a úspěšnost vybraných terapeutických postupů u lichokopytníků a sudokopytníků
HAVRDOVÁ, Nikola
This dissertation dealt with the diagnosis and therapeutic procedures for the treatment of parasitic diseases in odd-toed and even-toed ungulates with selected anthelmintics. Between 2020 - 2023, 5.359 artiodactyls and 819 solipeds, namely cattle, sheep, goats, aurochs, mouflon, deer, bison, bison bonasus, horses, donkeys and ponies, were microscopically examined for the presence of nematodes, trematodes or cestodes in faecal samples in the Czech Republic. Molecularly, 76 cattle samples, 26 bison bonasus samples and 52 bison samples were examined for the presence of trematodes and C. daubneyi was detected. Parasitic infections were monitored in naturally infected individuals, and during the study no clinical signs suggestive of parasitemia were observed in any of the monitored individuals. The most parasitic infections were evaluated for H. contortus, O. ostertagi, M. benedeni, C. daubneyi and A. perfoliata. As part of the dissertation, a total of ten anthelmintics available in the Czech Republic were chosen, focusing on individual categories of parasitic infections in various animal species. Based on laboratory analyzes of LDA tests, the species of nematode was determined according to the developmental stage of the larvae, which helped to choose the appropriate anthelmintic during treatment. In conclusion, it can be stated that almost all anthelmintics have been shown to be effective in therapeutically treated farm animals.
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Životní cyklus motolice \kur{Anomalotrema koiae} Gibson & Bray, 1984 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) na souostroví Svalbard
NOVOTNÝ, David
The aim of the study is to describe the life cycle of a trematode species Anomalotrema koiae Gibson & Bray, 1984 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) which occures in three species of whelks (Buccinum undatum, B. glaciale and Plicifusus kroyeri) and Arctic staghorn sculpin (Gymnocanthus tricuspis) in littoral waters, mainly fjords, of the Svalbard archipelago to better understand the ecology of arctic marine habitats. In the study there is the first morphological description of larval stages of A. koiae, mainly the sporocysts and cercariae. For the purpose of the study, there were used both the molecular and morphological methods to analyse the data from the samples which were collected on Svalbard.
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Molecular and serologic diagnosis of infections caused by Trichobilharzia
Vaščiková, Michaela ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
Cercariae of the genus Trichobilharzia can penetrate not only the skin of definitive hosts (ducks), but they are also able to penetrate the skin of accidental hosts (mammals). As a result of the penetration, the inflammatory response known as cercarial dermatitis appears. The goal of our thesis is to detect parasite DNA in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of infected ducks, and also in the serum of infected mice. By using PCR with primers designed for a tandem repeated sequence, we were able to detect 1 femtograms of parasite DNA isolated from sera of infected ducks. We were able to amplify parasite DNA only from 16 samples of sera and cerebrospinal fluid of the infected ducks, but we were not able to do so with the serum of mice. Sera of infected mice were also tested by ELISA and Western blot. The homogenates of T. regenti (TRhc), T. szidati (TShc) and S. mansoni (SMhc) cercariae were selected as an antigen. The results showed progressive increase in the level of IgM antibody from 10 days after 1st infection and also increase of the level of IgG from the 2nd infection. 10 days after the 4th infection, the level of IgM and IgG gradually declined, but the level of antibodies 100 days after the 4th infection was still higher if compared to uninfected mice. Results from Western blot analysis...
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Cathepsins B of the bird schistosome, Trichobilharzia regenti
Dolečková, Kateřina ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Grevelding, Christoph (referee) ; Horn, Martin (referee)
1. Overview Schistosomes have achieved first position among parasitic helminths, because some of them are the etiological agents of a serious human parasitic disease, schistosomiasis, which affects over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical countries (WHO, 2001). Other schistosomatids, such as the bird flukes of the genus Trichobilharzia, have also implications for human health. Although they can mature only in specific hosts (birds), their invasive larvae - cercariae - are able to penetrate also human skin due to chemical signals similar to those present on bird skin (Haas and van de Roemer 1998). Repeated infections result in an inflammatory reaction of the skin called cercarial dermatitis. Due to the increasing number of outbreaks all around the world, cercarial dermatitis is cons disease (Kolářová 2007idered as re-emerging ; Larsen et al. 2004). Among schistosomes, Trichobilharzia regenti is the only species described so far having a unique migration route within vertebrate hosts: after penetration of the skin, the invasive larvae enter peripheral nerves and continue via the spinal cord and central nervous system to the nasal cavity of birds, causing neuromotor disorders or paralyses of birds and even experimental mammals (Hrádková...
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Životní cyklus a diverzita motolic čeledi Opecoelidae na Svalbardu
NOVOTNÝ, David
The study was aimed to determine the diversity and species identification of trematodes family Opecoelidae (Digenea) in sculpins living in shallow waters of Billefjord (Svalbard). Second aim was to determine the affinity between the partenogenetic parasitic larval stages living in whelks (Buccinidae) and adult stages living in sculpins to describe their life cycle. During the work, there were used molecular methods using DNA and phylogeny analysis to identify the species of collected trematodes.
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Složení společenstev larválních stádií motolic (Digenea) u vybraných zástupců plicnatých plžů čeledi Planorbidae
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
In the present study the species diversity, seasonal dynamics, composition of larval trematode communities and factors influencing their structure were studied in two species of planorbid gastropods (Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida) in typical eutrophic fishponds in South Bohemia, Czech Republic. The study significantly contributed to the present knowledge about the fauna of trematodes in small planorbids, provided evidence for validity of general rules affecting trematode community composition and structure and demonstrated the underestimated role of both snail species as first intermediate hosts for trematodes in the past.
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Molecular and serologic diagnosis of infections caused by Trichobilharzia
Vaščiková, Michaela ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
Cercariae of the genus Trichobilharzia can penetrate not only the skin of definitive hosts (ducks), but they are also able to penetrate the skin of accidental hosts (mammals). As a result of the penetration, the inflammatory response known as cercarial dermatitis appears. The goal of our thesis is to detect parasite DNA in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of infected ducks, and also in the serum of infected mice. By using PCR with primers designed for a tandem repeated sequence, we were able to detect 1 femtograms of parasite DNA isolated from sera of infected ducks. We were able to amplify parasite DNA only from 16 samples of sera and cerebrospinal fluid of the infected ducks, but we were not able to do so with the serum of mice. Sera of infected mice were also tested by ELISA and Western blot. The homogenates of T. regenti (TRhc), T. szidati (TShc) and S. mansoni (SMhc) cercariae were selected as an antigen. The results showed progressive increase in the level of IgM antibody from 10 days after 1st infection and also increase of the level of IgG from the 2nd infection. 10 days after the 4th infection, the level of IgM and IgG gradually declined, but the level of antibodies 100 days after the 4th infection was still higher if compared to uninfected mice. Results from Western blot analysis...
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Cultivation of Trematodes
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Many of Trematode species are serious pathogens of human and animals; therefore they are the subjects of intensive investigation. The successful in vitro cultivation of these organisms could represent the first step for further sophisticated experiments focused on characterization of crucial biological processes related to the particular phases of fluke life cycle or for the studies focused on testing the anthelmintic effect of various compounds. This thesis reviews majority of information published in relation to in vitro cultivation of Trematodes. It shows that for many Trematode families is our knowledge of culturing methods very limited. In contrast to the first attempts to cultivate some species of Trematodes about 100 years ago, nowadays we dispose of technologies enabling to cultivate particular live cells isolated from different tissues of flukes. Some of the cultivation media originally used for cell cultures are now commercially available and they were successfully used for cultivation of whole worms. Nevertheless, we still haven't been able to continuously cultivate a Trematode species by using an egg at the beginning and finish with fully developed adult producing eggs. However, there are some partially successful experiments in which development of particular life stages of some flukes has been...
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