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Evaluation of environmental impacts of selected crops growing by LCA method
NNANDO, Emeka Micheal
Abstract The consequences of agricultural intensification and conventional farming are becoming increasingly apparent as climate change and variability continue to worsen. This study evaluated the environmental impacts of soybean production, with a focus on the climate change impact category. Agricultural data for various inputs, agrotechnical operations, and outputs of the production process were systematically collected from three distinct soybean farms (Becicka, Michalec and Agrokiwi) in the Pardubice district of the Czech Republic and analyzed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. The functional unit considered in this study was 1 kg of soybeans. The results of the LCA show that the Agrokiwi and Michalec farms make the largest and smallest contributions to the climate change impact category with 6.17 kg CO2eq and 2.1 kg CO2eq respectively. The highest contribution, 51 percent, from Agrokiwi was attributed to the application of NPK fertilizer (15-15-15) and tillage plowing of the fields, with 0.0506 kg CO2eq and 0.0237 kg CO2eq respectively, while sowing and transport contributed the least, with 0.00979 kg CO2eq and 0.0091 kg CO2eq respectively. Findings also revealed a relationship between inputs, agrotechnical operations in soybean production, and their contribution to climate change.Regarding climate smartness or environmental sustainability, the Michalec agricultural practices/production system is more environmentally friendly due to the low use of mineral fertilizers and the spreading method. The results of the study suggest that the environmental performance of soybean production could be significantly improved by switching from synthetic fertilizers to more environmentally friendly organic farming, introducing crop rotations, and using disease-resistant seed varieties as a means of implementing sustainable agricultural practices/systems.
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Identification DNA of Plant and Animal Species in Food by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Šmíd, Jiří ; Hanák,, Petr (referee) ; Timko,, Jozef (referee) ; Kuchta, Tomáš (advisor)
We were developing detection methods for three food allergens of plant origin. We used real-time PCR for soy detection in food oriented on gene lec, that is coding lektine specific for soy. On this target sequence were oriented PCR system with primers Le2F and Le2R and TaqMan probe Le2P. Detection limit (2,75 pg), practical detection limit (0,02 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. Whole system were quantified. Real-time PCR for pistachio detection were based on primers and probe for gene COR. Detection limit (3,5 pg), practical detection limit (0,002 %), inclusivity and exclusivity were determined. For almond detection we were not succeed system, that fulfil all qualitative parametres.
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A complex study of biological effects of some soya products
Ručková, Michaela ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Soybeans and products thereof are considered as a very contradictory legume across layman and expert opinions. Some see it almost as a “superfood” while others avoid it due to its biologically active content with an unclear effect on the organism. As a lot of research on soybeans was already performed the content varies considerably and it is not easy to grasp the issue correctly. The objective of the research part of the thesis is a structuralized study of already published scientific knowledge to clarify the current state of the art. Experimental part of the thesis focuses on characterisation of soy and its products in terms of active ingredients content and determination of antioxidants and antimicrobial effect. After that, the cytotoxic effect on human heterogeneous colorectal adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line and mouse melanoma cell line is determined by in vitro testing. All obtained information and results of experimental part could possibly serve as a starting point for further study of soy and soy products, both in the dissertation and in the submission of a grant project.
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Flexibilní žací lišta BISO a její uvedení na trh
Štursa, Václav
The diploma thesis: „Flexible combine header BISO and its introduction to the market” deals with the segment of flexible combine headers with a focus on the combine header BISO 3D VarioFlex AIR I and its introduction to the global markets. The thesis is divided into four main sections. In the first part, it describes the history of combine headers and currently used technical solutions, with a focus on grain headers. The second part is dedicated to the grain headers, also from the perspective of the Czech market. Also described is the current production pro-gram of the world’s leading grain header producers. In the third part, the technical and business aspects of the BISO grain header are analyzed. The focus in this part is also on the influence of individual aspects on the introduction to global markets. The fourth part uses practical tests and presents the results of these tests. Structured on the basis of these results is a SWOT analysis, and there are specific individual recommendations for the introduction of the product to global markets.
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Využití biopreparátů na bázi mikroorganismů k biologickému ošetření osiva vybraných kulturních plodin
AUNG, Zin Moe Wai
The aim of the thesis was focused on the biological treatment of corn, soybean and cucumber seeds using the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, mycopara-sitic fungus Trichoderma virens and antagonistic bacteria Bacillus mycoides. A 0.5% solution of carboxymethylcellulose was used for seed coating, in which the concentration of spores in 1 ml was 1x106. After seed coating, the number of spores of filamentous per one seed was determined and also the influence of microorgan-isms on seed germination and seedling development was evaluated. The results show that the antagonistic bacterium B. mycoides and entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana had a positive effect on the growth and development of seedlings of all tested crops. The mycoparasitic fungus T. virens slightly retarded the development of roots and shoots in corn and soybean during germination. On the other hand, cu-cumber seeds coated by T. virens showed a faster development on both parameters evaluated. By sowing coated seeds with useful microorganisms, which can be easily introduced into the soil in addition increasing soil suppressiveness. Thus, seedlings can be protected against soil-dwelling pests or plant pathogens.
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Analysis of production abilities of soya bean in selected agricultural company
ŠINDELÁŘ, Jan
This thesis presents the results of one year field experiment in the area of České Budějovice. The aim of thesis was to analyze the production abilities of selected varieties of soybean. A field experiment, with three soybean varieties, was performed in 2019 on a farm in Haklovy Dvory (leased by an agricultural company ZD Krásná Hora nad Vltavou, a.s.). The aim was to evaluate the real production capacity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), in the conditions of the company. These varieties were selected - Abelina, Lissabon and Merlin. Except to yield, were also observed yield elements such as the number of plants per square meter, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds in a pod and the weigth of thousand of seeds. Further, the total length of the plants, the number of primary branches, the height of the first pod, the content of fats and nitrogenous substances in the seed, and the amount of organic matter left after harvesting the seeds. For all tested varieties, a yield of over 2 tons per hectare was achieved, the Merlin variety even produced 2.7 tons of seeds per hectare. All tested varietis exceeded the profitability limit by yield, generally stated at 2 tons of yield per hectare. And they can all be considered acceptable for cultivation in the conditions locality České Budějovice. A considerable amout of organic matter from post harvest residues was added to the soil, in the case of the Abelina variety it was over 7 tons of matter per hectare.
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Evaluation of yield parameters and first pod height in soya bean (\kur{Glycine max} L.)
DOLEŽAL, Jiří
This work deals with the influence of the growth regulator on soybean vegetation. The main part of the diploma thesis is the evaluation of individual parameters of selected varieties. For this purpose, a pilot experiment was established in 2019 in the Benešov region in location Netvořice. This area is located in a moderately warm climate area in the area of potato production at an altitude of 390 meters above sea level. Two very early soybean varieties, Amandine and Abelina, were selected for this experiment, which are suitable for these conditions due to their shorter growing season. These varieties were grown in two variants. Control variant without treatment and variant with treatment with Energen Apikál, which increases apical dominance. Each variant and treatment variant was repeated 4 times to obtain the most accurate data. The following parameters were evaluated for both varieties: seed yield, nitrogenous substances content, number of plants per square meter, fat content, weight of a thousand seeds, plant height, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds in the pod and height of first pod. The highest average yield was achieved by the Amandine variety in the treated variant 3.49 t/ha. The Abelina variety achieved a very satisfactory yield of 3.18 t/ha also in the treated variant. In the untreated variant, these varieties also achieved a satisfactory yield. Amandine variety 2.99 t/ha and Abelina variety 3.06 t/ha. Another parameter determined was the nitrogenous substances content. This indicator also showed an increase in nitrogenous substances in the seed in the treated variant in both varieties. A very important monitored parameter was the height of the first pod from the soil surface. Here, after the application of Apikál, the lower floor of the pods increased by approximately a centimeter compared to the control in both varieties (Amandine 10.68 cm and Abelina 11.88 cm). In conclusion, Energen Apikál has a positive effect on both qualitative parameters and the main yield elements, which favorably affects the yield and, together with the higher location of plant pods, also partially minimizes harvest losses.
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