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Assessment of probable causes of corrosion damage of a glass-shaping mould
Jíša, Jakub ; Pantělejev, Libor (referee) ; Man, Ondřej (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to characterize briefly the issue of electrochemical corrosion in the aquatic environment with a focus on cast-iron corrosion and then decide whether the observed damage to the glass-forming mold could arise in the course of two days. A simple corrosion experiment was made in which samples of cast-iron were exposed to the shower of water for 48 hours. Corrosion damage under simulated conditions did not reach the level of damage of the mold.
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Application of Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection for the Assessment of Drug-residue Contamination of Wastewaters and Surface Waters
Lacina, Petr ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Hajšlová, Jana (referee) ; Sokol,, Jozef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This work is based on the current issue of increasing concentrations of pharmaceutical residues in various components of the environment. These new environmental contaminants continuously enter the environment. The most affected environmental component is the aquatic environment. This study is focused on the development and optimization of reliable analytical method, which can determine selected drugs in the aquatic environment (waste waters and surface waters) qualitatively and quantitatively. The target compounds were selected mainly from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID): salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, clofibric acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, caffeine, naproxen, mefenamic acid, ketoprofen and diclofenac. NSAIDs are one of the most used drugs in Czech Republic. For the final analysis of this study was used the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection Time-of-Flight (GCxGC-TOF MS). It is a very sensitive and reliable analytical method for trace and ultra-trace analysis. Simultaneously, solid phase extraction (SPE) and derivatization are optimized in this work. Optimized analytical method including SPE, derivatization with MSTFA (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide) and final analysis by GCxGC-TOF MS were applied successfully for the analysis of real samples. Samples of waste water were collected from the waste water treatment plant in Brno – Modřice and samples of surface water were collected from two river streams Svratka and Svitava in Moravian region. The range of concentrations of selected drug residues varied from one to tens of g/L in wastewater and from tens to hundreds of ng/L in surface waters. The degree of wastewater and surface waters contamination by drug residues is assessed in conclusions of the work. Simultaneously, spontaneous degradation of selected drugs in water and removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant is assessed in conclusions of the work. The developed method is usable for monitoring and environmental analysis of water ecosystems. It is usable not only for selected drugs, but even for other organic compounds with similar properties.
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Využití vodních rostlin pro fytoremediaci rtuti
Abdrazakova, Kamila
The theoretical part of this bachelor thesis contains general information about mercury, its forms (primarily Hg2+, monomethylmercury, dimethylmercury and complex mercury compounds) emerging in nature and their bioavailability for living organisms. It is focused on the study of phytoremediation, its types and efficiency in the removal of environmental mercury pollution. The practical part is focused on monitoring the bioaccumulation of mercury in the leaves and roots of Elodea canadensis and Eichhornia crassipes in laboratory conditions. The content of mercury in the leaves of Elodea canadensis and in the roots and leaves of Eichhornia crassipes increased with the accumulation time and with increasing Hg concentration in the aquatic environment. The bioaccumulation factor increased with increasing mercury concentration in the aquatic environment for submerged plant parts, i.e. watercress leaves and water hyacinth root. For water hyacinth leaves that are not in direct contact with mercury in the aquatic environment, an increase in BAF with mercury concentration in the aquatic environment was not observed. The translocation of mercury from the root of Eichhornia crassipes to its leaves was low, with translocation index ranging up to 0.11. The best option for the phytoremediation of the aquatic environment from mercury is the root of Eichhornia crassipes, which is its hyperaccumulator.
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Teaching of Hydrobiological Themes in the Natural Science at 2nd Grade of Elementary Schools in Central Bohemia
Mázlová, Kristýna ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis is focusing on explaining the teaching of hydrobiological topics in natural science classes at the secondary level of primary schools, specifically in the Central Bohemian Region. The aim of the thesis is to: - introduce the issues of hydrobiological topics in natural science classes to the reader - to implement these topics into teaching at the secondary level of primary schools - to find out how these teachings are applied into practice on the secondary level of primary schools in the Central Bohemian Region - (and) to find out how much the students are interested in learning about hydrobiological topics The diploma thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part talks about hydrobiological theory, aquatic environment, and individual representatives of fauna and flora that occur in the studied area. It also explores the idea of anthropogenic activity (which has an impact on the aquatic environment), and the protection of waters and their habitats in the Czech Republic. In the second part, the thesis explores the characteristics of the Central Bohemian Region from the perspective of hydrobiology and selected places that are interesting and suitable for excursions. In the practical part of the thesis, selected natural science textbooks were...
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Porovnání přežívání a růstu raka červeného a raka mramorovaného v teplotně suboptimálních podmínkách
DAVID, Jaroslav
Biological invasions are increasingly recognized as biological and economic threats. The numbers of these invasions continue to rise over time, disrupting the original biodiversity. In this experiment, we focused on two species of crayfish native to North America, the red swamp crayfish and the marbled crayfish, which are among the most important invasive crayfish worldwide. To determine which of these species should be dominant in permanently suboptimal temperature conditions (water temperature of 16 °C), we conducted an experiment evaluating growth, mortality, claws damage, and maturation in single-species and mixed stocks. It turned out that the faster-growing species was the red swamp crayfish, which grew the fastest in mixed stocks, at the expense of marbled crayfish, which, on the contrary, grew more slowly in these stocks than in single-species stocks. There were no large differences in survival in the individual groups, except single-species marbled crayfish stocks, for which the survival rate was about 15% higher than in other groups. The incidence of individuals with damaged claws was higher for red swamp crayfish, a large difference was recorded between marble crayfish groups, when in mixed stocks the damage was circa five times higher contrary to the single-species setup. At the end of the experiment (week 18), three mature males with gonopods and one female with glair glands were found in the red swamp crayfish.
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Habitat shifts to aquatic environment and back to dry land in the evolution of Coleoptera
Sýkora, Vít ; Fikáček, Martin (advisor) ; Král, David (referee)
The order Coleoptera (beetles) includes both terrestrial and aquatic species. The whole order as well as for all suborders (Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and Polyphaga) in ancetrally terrestrial. Habitat shifts occured in all suborders except Archostemata. A single shift to aquatic environment is probable in Myxophaga and Adephaga, multiple independent shifts from aquatic to terrestrial environments took place in Polyphaga. Multiple secondary habitat transitions back to terrestrial life style occured in Adephaga, Myxophaga and Polyphaga. However, phylogenetic relationships and/or detailed habitat requirements of adults and larvae are still unknown for many groups. That is why a reliable reconstruction of the evolution of habitat transitions between aquatic and terrestrial environment is still impossible in many cases. Key words: Coleoptera, habitat shifts, aquatic environment, terrestrial environment, evolution, phylogeny, biodiversity, morphology, adaptation
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Swimming for the physically handicapped - characteristic of the present state in Czech Republic and Great Britain
Kantorová, Lucie ; Břečková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kovařovic, Karel (referee)
Goals: The main aim is to map and characterize current situation of The swimming for the physically disabled in Czech Republic and Great Britain. To provide information about the identity or difference of working with swimmers with physical disabilities in both countries, in terms of content, organizational, safety and personnel. To draw conclusions and to propose possible changes and recommendations for optimization and improvement of the state while swimming with people with disabilities in Czech Republic based on these information. Methods: The method of quality, analysis and subsequent synthesis, comparative method, visiting activities and observations have been used. Information was drawn from Czech and foreign literature, as well as from Czech and foreign web sites. Some facilities were visited personally, the others were contacted throughout the internet. Results: This work focuses on content of the methods used for swimming of the persons with disabilities in both countries and compares them, further evaluate and compare the swimming centers in both countries according to set criteria. The criteria that should be meet by the coach who works with physically disabled swimmers can be learned in this diploma, and are also valid for both countries. The work introduces the various organizations,...
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Ecophysiological significance of root-fungus symbioses in Mediterranean seagrasses
Borovec, Ondřej ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Seagrasses are the only group of submerged plants that are permanently growing in marine environment. They play an important role in the sea bottom ecosystem. Seagrasses are primary producers capable of accumulation and deposition of carbon. They influence water flow at the sea bottom and form symbioses with variety of organisms. Our knowledge of symbiotic interactions of seagrasses is still limited even though several studies of the topic have been carried out in recent years. Unlike most of terrestrial plants, seagrasses are generally considered as plants that do not form any specific associations with mycorrhizal or endophytic fungi. Surprisingly, we have discovered a novel fungal endophytic association in roots of Mediterranean endemic seagrass species Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Morphology of this symbiotic fungi strongly resembles common symbiotic fungi of terrestrial plants, dark septate endophytes (DSE). We sampled roots of P. oceanica in large area of the Mediterranean from southeastern Spain to Albania and described range and taxonomical classification of the endophyte using microscopy, in vitro cultivation and molecular determination. Roots of P. oceanica in whole area of study are colonized by mere two endophytic fungal species. Over 90 % of the fungal symbionts belong to a single...
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Ecophysiological significance of root-fungus symbioses in Mediterranean seagrasses
Borovec, Ondřej ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Seagrasses are the only group of submerged plants that are permanently growing in marine environment. They play an important role in the sea bottom ecosystem. Seagrasses are primary producers capable of accumulation and deposition of carbon. They influence water flow at the sea bottom and form symbioses with variety of organisms. Our knowledge of symbiotic interactions of seagrasses is still limited even though several studies of the topic have been carried out in recent years. Unlike most of terrestrial plants, seagrasses are generally considered as plants that do not form any specific associations with mycorrhizal or endophytic fungi. Surprisingly, we have discovered a novel fungal endophytic association in roots of Mediterranean endemic seagrass species Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Morphology of this symbiotic fungi strongly resembles common symbiotic fungi of terrestrial plants, dark septate endophytes (DSE). We sampled roots of P. oceanica in large area of the Mediterranean from southeastern Spain to Albania and described range and taxonomical classification of the endophyte using microscopy, in vitro cultivation and molecular determination. Roots of P. oceanica in whole area of study are colonized by mere two endophytic fungal species. Over 90 % of the fungal symbionts belong to a single...
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Rating postural stability in synchronized swimming
Koubková, Natálie ; Satrapová, Lenka (advisor) ; Stupková, Michaela (referee)
Title: Rating postural stability in synchronized swimming Objectives: The aim of the diploma thesis is to detect, with a use of the system Gaitview ® AFA - 50 systém (Foot Scanner), if synchronized swimming has effect on postural stability of synchronized swimmers. Methods: Therotical part of diploma thesis is about synchronized swimming, influence of the aquatic environment, postural stability, stabilization and balance. A sample of 113 female athletes aged 6-35, who were long term synchronized swimmers at competition level, was chosen for this survey. Postural stability of athletes was tested while standing still with open and closed eyes by Gaitview ® AFA-50 system (Foot Scanner). Measured data were processed through Gaitview software, Microsoft Excel 2010 and anaylzed by statistical methods (average percentage, ratio, linear trend). Results: Results confirmed the effect of synchronized swimming on athletes postural stability. The longer are athletes dedicated to synchronized swimming the better is postural stability. From the age of 15 years and after 9 years of experience in synchronized swimming postural stability was shown to be better without access to visual information than with it. In the youngest category there is the biggest difference in postural stability while standing still with...
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