|
|
DNA analysis of nonpathogenic clostridia isolated from cheeses
Chroboková, Maria ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular method which allows in vitro replication of nucleic acids. It allows the identification and quantification of microorganisms or to prove specific gene sequentions in different matrices of biological origin. Some nonpathogenic species of genus Clostridium cause damages of cheeses, so their identification and quantification is very important in cheesemaking. In this thesis, specific primers for genus Clostridium were tested. Bacterial DNA from culture collection strains and from strains isolated from damaged cheeses were used. Genus-specific region for Clostridium was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products (619 bp) were detected using electrophoresis in 1,8% agarose gel. Genus-specific character of primers was confirmed. DNA of Lactobacillus was used for negative control.
|
|
|
The impact of chimerism in DNA-based forensic analysis
Kalousková, Martina ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Vaněk, Daniel (referee)
The presence of two or more zygotically distinct lineages in a single person refers to chimerism. All types of chimerism have positive as well as negative impact on health of human chimeras. Both congenital and acquired chimerism must be taken into account in diagnostics, genetics but also in the forensic DNA analysis. This phenomenon has impact on the results of individual identification and kinship determination. With the forensic analysis it is possible to detect chimerism of people under investigation. Even though these situations are rare, some cases of wrong identification proving the consequences of the chimerism are recorded.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Evolution of birches from Betula pendula and B. pubescens group: morphological and molecular reappraisal
Kaněra, Lukáš ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Urfus, Tomáš (referee)
The genus birch (Betula) consists of woods that grow nearly on the whole northern hemisphere. They have been intensively studied since the 2. half of the 19. century which led to the description of tens of species. During time the genus has been divided into several sections, which changed in the opinions of different authors. The study of their evolution and diversity is difficult due to frequent interspecific hybridisation and polyploidisation. Understanding this issue is also complicated due to a large number of morphologically similar defined species. Different methods have been used to study birch evolution, from morphometrics to the present time study of the genome. The objective of this text is to summarize the knowledge and to enable the reader easy access to it. Key words: Betula, birch evolution, hybridization, morphometrics, flow cytometry, DNA analysis, birch taxonomy
|
|
|
The use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people
Červená, Tereza ; Šimková, Halina (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
AJ The thesis deals with the possibilities and problems of DNA analysis in its use in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people. It presents a summary of useful DNA markers with a focus on linking autosomal markers and lineage markers - mtDNA and Y-STR; characterizes the typical heredity of individual types of markers and explains the basic principles of interpretation of their analysis. The research also deals with computer software exploited in statistical calculations; case studies, specific examples of the use of DNA analysis in kinship studies and investigation of distant biological relationship of people are also included at the final section. Key words DNA analysis, genealogy, kinship study, STR, SNP, DNA marker
|
|
| |
|
|
Influence of season of nesting on the sex ratio of chicks of parrots genus \kur{Neophema}
PAPAČ, Martin
This bachelor thesis represents complete summary of most of avian sex ratio studies. A very important moment was discovering of PCR analysis in 90's. This method enables to determine sex at molecular level. Older works which lacked PCR could not determine sex reliably and therefore their results can be misleading. PCR can determine sex ratio at primary, secondary and tertiary level. Sex ratio manipulation in birds is probable evolutionary mechanism and there are several hypothesis regarding to that. Many experimental studies have shown possible ultimate and proximate causes which are responsible for sex ratio manipulation. However, low data sample was one of the causes why they have been considered to be doubtful. I have summarized several most important points of this field within my literal review. The main goal of this study is to confirm or disprove some of the hypothesis in my breeding of Scarlet-chested Parrots (Neophema splendida). The research took three years and despite considerable domestication the sex ratio manipulation was proved in this species. Results show that the main factor affecting sex ratio was photoperiod during the breeding season and order of nesting.
|
|
|
Množení česneku kuchyňského - jarního a ozimého nepaličáku - v podmínkách in vitro
Kozák, Václav
In this Bachelor's thesis we studied influencing of bulbs multiplications growing in vitro by adding grow-regulators PP 333, CEPA, ABA to the medium or increase of sucrose concentration in the medium. The culture from segments of inner clove part was cultivation on primary MS medium and 0.5mg/l GA3 was added and 2iP was replaced by the similar concentration of BAP for the cultures from apical meristems. The experiment was made with 2 unregistered garlic genotype with working names Emilia and 'Japo'. We also observed CO2 and ethylene production by the growing plants and influencing bulbs multiplications by these gases. Explantats made from segments of inner clove part after ribavirin application were tested if they contains OYDV virus and DNA analysis was made in order that we could verify genetic stability of in vitro growth plants. In this work were found statistically significant differences in the production of onions in the individual genotypes of garlic on tested media.
|
|
|
DNA analysis of nonpathogenic clostridia isolated from cheeses
Chroboková, Maria ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (referee) ; Španová, Alena (advisor)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular method which allows in vitro replication of nucleic acids. It allows the identification and quantification of microorganisms or to prove specific gene sequentions in different matrices of biological origin. Some nonpathogenic species of genus Clostridium cause damages of cheeses, so their identification and quantification is very important in cheesemaking. In this thesis, specific primers for genus Clostridium were tested. Bacterial DNA from culture collection strains and from strains isolated from damaged cheeses were used. Genus-specific region for Clostridium was amplified using specific primers. The PCR products (619 bp) were detected using electrophoresis in 1,8% agarose gel. Genus-specific character of primers was confirmed. DNA of Lactobacillus was used for negative control.
|
guest ::
