|
|
Food allergies in preschool children
Tomíšková, Markéta ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Sadílková, Aneta (referee)
1 Food allergies in children are common (affecting up to 8% of children) and their prevalence has been increasing in the last two to three decades. The basic measure for the long-term management of food allergy is an elimination diet, i.e. the exclusion of the relevant allergen from the diet. An elimination diet can disrupt and endanger healthy growth and development of a child. Therefore, it is important that elimination diets with a serious impact on the patient's diet are based on a medically confirmed diagnosis of food allergy. Preschool children eat to a significant extent outside their homes - 60 % of their diet is provided by the nursery school. The aim of the work is to provide parents of children with suspected or actual food allergy practical recommendations regarding their nutrition in the form of educational material, using the latest theoretical knowledge and with emphasis on food elimination only on the basis of proven food allergy and help to parents regarding nutrition of allergic children in nursery school. The main output of the work consists of educational material in Annex 2 of the thesis. The educational material will help to increase parents' awareness of food allergy and the need to confirm it by an allergist, especially in cases of risk of serious reactions and serious effects on the...
|
|
|
Affecting the Status of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Through Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Prokešová, Petra ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kříž, Jan (referee)
The thesis deals with the disease diabetes mellitus type 2, especially compliance regime measures and education of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 visiting diabetes clinics in Jeseník and in Prague. The work is devided into theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the diabetes mellitus, diagnosis and options of treatment. The practical part identifies and compares the degree of compliance with regime measures and education level in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in diabetes clinics in Jeseník and Prague. The thesis may outline the deficiencies in the education of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and their possible solution. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, education, prevention, diet, physical activity
|
|
|
Regulation of triglyceride metabolism in circulation in postprandial phase.
Zemánková, Kateřina ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Increased triglyceride (TG) concentration has been generally accepted as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and, therefore, lowering TG is therapeutic target that should reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Traditionally, concentration of TG is measured in the fasting state (8-12 hours after an overnight fasting) mainly because the rise in TG levels after meal leads to the high variation in TG values. However, human beings spend larger portion of the day in a postprandial state and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may then play a substantial role in determination of cardiovascular disease risk. The increased and prolonged postprandial lipemia has been found in patients with coronary heart disease. Moreover, recent data from Copenhagen Heart Study point out that the non-fasting TG concentration is associated with cardiovascular disease risk more tightly than the fasting TG concentration. Importantly, concentration of non-fasting TG is substantially affected by individual behavioural habits such as diet composition and physical activity. It remains to be determined whether it would be appropriate to identify individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to increased postprandial TG using tolerance test analogous to glucose tolerance test. The protocol of standardized fat tolerance...
|
|
|
Effect of low-cholesterol diet on lipid parameters in patients with hypercholesterolemia
Šípková, Eva ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This thesis focuses in its theoretical part onto description of human lipid functions, and on cholesterol mainly. It zooms on different types of dyslipidemia, which as a significant factor influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. There are introduced possibilities of pharmacology treatment, as well as regime changes, which should go along with every attempt of successful therapy of dyslipidemia. The emphasis is on diet, which can in high level influence the amount of fat intake. Low-cholesterol diet by itself is no longer recommended as it was proved that limitation of cholesterol only does not lead to hypocholesterolemia. Patients with dyslipidemia have to follow diet with reduced fat intake; the impact of this diet on lipid parameters is subject of this thesis. Shortly we also touch the topic of atherosclerosis as a consequence of increased levels of blood lipids. Practical part is devoted to research that took place with control group of patients in Center of preventive cardiology of 3rd Medical Clinic of General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University. Thanks to patients' observation before and after regime changes including diet we are able to evaluate by the end of this thesis whether diet with reduced fat intake has demonstrable effect on patient's lipid...
|
|
|
Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocytes
Ziková, Kateřina ; Vlachová, Miluše (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
This thesis summarizes current data about cholesterol metabolism and its regulation in the liver. First part describes cholesterol transport among tissues by lipoproteins. Second part of this work deals with description of metabolic pathways of cholesterol conversion - how the cells obtain and metabolise cholesterol. Almost all cells can synthesize cholesterol or take it up from the circulation. The cells dispose of abundant cholesterol by several mechanisms - they convert cholesterol to cholesteryl esters that can be stored in lipid droplets; they turn cholesterol into oxysterols that can escape easier from the cell; or they export cholesterol through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Specialized tissues (adrenal, gonads) transform cholesterol to steroid hormones. However, only the liver can remove cholesterol from the body in physiologically significant amount - it secretes cholesterol into the bile either directly or after conversion to bile acids. Third section deals with regulation of cholesterol metabolism in hepatocyte. Three transcription factors - sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), liver X receptor (LXR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - play the main role in regulation. Their activities are determined by concentration of cellular cholesterol or its metabolites -...
|
|
|
Effect of low-choelsterol diet on lipid parametrs by patients with hypercholesterolemia
Šilerová, Tereza ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on dyslipidemia, as a significant risk factor in terms of the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. It describes the various lipids found in blood plasma. It explains the concept of dyslipidemia, their classification, diagnosis and therapy, which involves pharmacotherapeutic treatment and dietary measures as recommended for these diseases. It touches upon the process of atherosclerosis, as there is a very close between atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. It gives a detailed description of the principles of the diet recommended for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The practical part of the work is devoted to research focusing on patients with hypercholesterolemia in order to determine their eating habits and the influence that a low-cholesterol diet has on blood lipid parameters. The aim was to either confirm or refute hypotheses concerning dietotherapy. The purpose of this work is to stress the importance of thorough and repeated education for patients in order to help prevent the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, diet therapy, education, prevention
|
|
|
Influence of Diet on Blood Lipid Levels in Dyslipidemic Patients
Paroha, Josef ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
The primary aim of this thesis is to determine whether the hypolipidemic diet has an influence on blood lipid levels in patients with dyslipidemia. The secondary aim is to find out the eating habits of patients with dyslipidemia and to determine whether their eating habits are in line with the basics of a hypolipidemic diet. To achieve these targets a questionnaire, biochemical examination of blood and education of dyslipidemic patients on the appropriate diet were used. My research contained check-in and check-out laboratory blood examinations. After check-in examination each patient filled in the questionnaire with questions targeted at eating habits and then the patient was educated about the appropriate diet. After three months' time the patients proceeded to check-out laboratory blood examination. The necessary data were acquired by comparing the results of the check-in and check-out blood examinations and by the questionnaires evaluation. This thesis in its research confirmed the positive influence of hypolipidemic diet on blood lipids levels in patients with dyslipidemia. At the end of the research the average level of total cholesterol was 10,5 % lower, the average level of LDL-cholesterol was 18,9 % lower and the average level of triacylglycerol was 10,6 % lower. On the contrary the...
|
|
|
The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
|
|
|
Effect of education on blood lipid levels in patients with dyslipidemia
Lorencová, Marie ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
V této bakalářské práci se zabývám vlivem dietních a režimových opatření učiněných při léčbě dyslipidemie coby nejvýznamnějšího faktoru aterosklerózy. U souboru edukovaných pacientů byl sledován efekt edukace na jejich laboratorní hodnoty, resp. zlepšení zdravotního stavu. V teoretické části předkládám základní přehled členění lipidů z chemického hlediska, pohled na současné informace o dyslipidemii a ateroskleróze, především na faktory ovlivňující tato onemocnění, a nakonec se věnuji zdravotnické edukaci a její důležité roli při edukaci pacientů. V kapitole Dieta při dyslipoproteinémii komplexně pohlížím na současná doporučení týkající se stravování, dále sleduji doporučovaná režimová opatření týkající se pohybu a zanechání kouření tabáku. Praktická část této práce je věnována sledování souboru pacientů, kteří byli edukováni a následně po edukaci mají dodržovat dietní a režimová opatření. V důsledku uzavření pracoviště z důvodu koronavirové epidemie jsem však musela svoji práci s pacienty předčasně ukončit a nezískala jsem tak potřebné podklady pro zpracování a následné vyvození závěrů. Proto jsem následně propracovala více teoretickou část této bakalářské práce a připojila jsem edukační materiál (letáky) pro pacienty s dyslipidemií. Klíčová slova dyslipidemie, ateroskleróza, dietní a režimová...
|
|
|
Influence of education on blood lipid levels in dyslipidemic patients
Macinauerová, Romana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Dyslipidemia belongs to the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases with the prevention and treatment based on the necessary dietary restrictions and a change in the lifestyle. The main aim of this work is to assess the impact of dietary restrictions and a healthier lifestyle on the patient's lipid profile, a secondary aim is to evaluate the patient's eating habits. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical background and an applied study. The theoretical background describes the importance and types of different lipids in humans and their characteristic transport pattern and digestion. This work also explains the concept of dyslipidemia, the classification, treatment and diagnostic approaches and the role in a metabolic syndrome clustering. An important part of the dyslipidemia treatment and prevention is the public education and this part of the thesis also outlines different forms with the correct principles. An integral part of the education is the adherence of a patient, what may be a key aspect of the dyslipidemia treatment. The applied study exploits: (i) a questionnaire that follows eating habits and consummation frequency of selected foods and drinks in patients from the Lipid Clinic of The Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, General University Hospital in Prague and 1st...
|
guest ::
