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Possibilities of influencing compliance with following diabetic regimes from the perspective of nutrition therapist
Kučerová, Denisa ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Only in the Czech Republic, we detect over one million people diagnosed with this disease. By 2045, over 700 million people are predicted to be diagnosed with diabetes worldwide (Global diabetes data report 2000 - 2045 (diabetesatlas.org)). Medical community and pharmaceutical companies give big importance and pay significant attention to the development of innovative ways of treatment. Nowadays, there is a wide range of treatment available, but only hand in hand with the right compliance and patient's motivation can medical treatment bring the desired outcome. This bachelor thesis aims to explore the level of awareness among diabetic patients about the disease itself and nutrition knowledge through out a questionnaire survey. The main part of the thesis describes factors that can help with the patient's motivation. Questionnaire survey was used in a set of 271 patients treated in Klatovska nemocnice. Results of the survey are presented in the form of graphs. Results of the survey show that men are more satisfied with the ongoing threatment than females. On the other hand, both men and women do not view the level of education...
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Vitamin D deficiency and post-surgery recovery
Veigertová, Tereza ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
This diploma thesis pursues the topic of vitamin D deficiency, which is rather prevalent in the Czech population. The theoretical part summarizes findings about the systemic function of vitamin D in the human body and its importance in postoperative recovery. We know about vitamin D's impact on xenobiotic detoxification, reduction of oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and immunoregulation. Ubiquitous intracellular vitamin D receptors mediate the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D. Objectives: The principal aim of the thesis was to demonstrate the difference in the number of postoperative complications and lengths of hospitalization in patients with vitamin D deficiency and patients without vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, the research aims to discover the relationship between vitamin D and postoperative recovery and evaluate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in preoperative deficiency. Methods: The practical part uses retrospective data from the database of the Klatovská nemocnice on patients monitored in the internal and osteological outpatient department. The criteria for the selection of patients were performed surgery and measured serum level of 25(OH)D. Postoperative complications were evaluated. The evaluation took into account the patients' age and type of operation. Patients...
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Nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease
Mokrejšová, Andrea ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Nutritional therapy is very significant for dialysis patients. The basis of the diet in hemodialysis treatment is a sufficient energy intake, increased protein intake, which corresponds to the needs of the dialysis patient. It can be difficult for patients to grasp a change in their diet compared to the period of pre-dialysis treatment, constant monitoring of all dietary restrictions due to insufficient filtration capacity of the kidneys, and at the same time compiling a still varied and balanced diet. For this reason, it is more than desirable for patients to be provided with the possibility of regular nutritional education and consultation. This individual care is essential for improving the quality of the patient's life and adequate support for hemodialysis treatment. This work aims to evaluate the change in the composition of the diet of hemodialysis patients after regular nutritional education. In addition to the adjustment of eating habits, other anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to the nutritional status of dialysis patients were also monitored. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their preferences. The first monitored group recorded their meals by hand or electronically. Patients from the second control group did not record their diet, instead they tried to...
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The effect of education in chronically hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia
Ben-Perets, Diana Ester ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
High levels of phosphorus, hyperphosphatemia, are a serious problem in the treatment of hemodialysis patients. These patients are affected by a number of other limitations. In addition to monitoring their phosphorus levels, they must also monitor their levels of potassium, sodium, fluids and macronutrients. This often makes dieting a difficult task. If they follow this diet very strictly, they can consume a diet low in fruits and vegetables, which contributes to atherogenesis, and low in protein, which leads to malnutrition. Patients must also take a relatively large amount of medication with each meal, which can cause various dyspeptic problems in some patients. Even dialysis itself can be a very limiting element in their personal and professional lives. The result is usually patient dissatisfaction and low compliance with some recommendations. The task of the nutritional therapist is to educate patients about the balanced ratio of protein and phosphorus, to teach them about the need to use phosphate binders and to increase their health literacy about the consequences of high phosphate levels on the body. The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to investigate the effect of education on the nutritional behavior of dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. The study included a group of 37...
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The Pied Piper of Marina Tsvetaeva: Genesis, Reception and Translations of Poems with Commentary
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Hlaváček, Antonín (advisor)
Russian poet Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (1892-1941) is one of the world's most prominent authors of the early 20th century. The Pied Piper (Ratcatcher) is the magnum opus of her work. The aim of my thesis was to literally translate the poem and provide a detailed commentary on the poem. Translation is designed for the future Slavonic Studies, but also for the wider public. The translation is a kind of proposal and could be used as the default text for a possible poetic translation of the poem into Czech. The intention of the commentary is to point out the relationships of the Tsvetaeva's Pied Piper and possible sources of inspiration of the texts of other authors or her own original works. The commentary also explains the concepts specific to the creation of Tsvetaeva and her characteristic individual poetic methods. The commentary, however, provide, nearly no interpretation. It is used only as a supplementary comment on individual parts in order to enable better understanding of the original text and the translation. The first chapters deal with the history of the poem, its genesis, and reception by critics and writers. Followed by technical notes to the translated text, where a reader would find an explanation of the peculiarities of the original text, including syntactic difficulties, which are the clues...
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Novel biomarkers in patients with renal disease
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major public health problems. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of adverse outcome, CKD progression and associated cardiovascular disease. The aim of the thesis was to study novel promising biomarkers, their relationship to kidney function, chronic inflammation and/or cardiovascular risk - placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), calcium binding protein S100A12 or extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in patients with renal diseases including CKD, haemodialysis (HD), AKI patients, and healthy controls for comparison. First study revealed that PlGF is elevated in patients with decreased renal function. Second study demonstrated the association of MMP-2 and PAPP-A with proteinuria in patients with CKD. Moreover, serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels significantly differed in patients with various nephropathies. EN-RAGE levels are not elevated in patients with CKD, but are related to inflammatory status. PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels are significantly elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF...
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Low-protein diet and physical activity in the pre-dialysis period in patients with chronic kidney disease
Pavlínová, Kristýna ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Low-protein diet is one of the methods of conservative therapies or medical treatments of chronic kidney disease in predialysis. The goal of the diet is to compensate renal dysfunction together with coverage of nutritional requirement of the patient. The diet is based on reduction or food substitution of nutrients which giving rise to metabolic complications, not on reduction of food amount in general. Dietary measures focus mainly on protein reduction to 0,6-0,8 g/kg/day. Correctly prescribed nutrition should not lead to malnutririon. More further, the diet therapy is focused on reduction of sodium, potassium and phosphorus intake. Calcium intake depends on actual calcaemia of the patient. Amount of fluid intake is prescripted by a doctor, based on diuresis. The aim of nutritional therapy is to keep optimal nutritional status of the patient and minimize complications associated to chronic kidney disease. The task of the dietitan is to educate the patient in a field of prescripted diet principles and potential risks related to protein restriction. Regular physical activity should be a part of conservative therapy in case of predialysis. Regular physical activity helps to keep muscle strength, muscle mass and physical condition of the patient. The main aim of the fieldwork was to discover aspects of...
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New diets for patients on dialysis
Kubíková, Kristýna ; Matějková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on new diets for dialysis patients. The aim is to create a new dietary regime system that meets the dietary requirements during dialysis treatment and also make the work of nutritional therapists easier. The old system was based on "common rational diet no. 3" and the food was selected individualy for every patient in order to avoid unsuitable meals in the dietary regime. This system was rather time consuming and the nutritional values did not meet the requirements of a dialysis diet. The anatomy and physiology emphasis is placed especially on chronic renal insufficiency. The privotal point of this chapter is the dialysis treatment and a description of dietotherapy in this stage of kidney failure. The practical part looks as the methodology of creating a new dietary regime. The result part compares the improvement in nutritional values with the original "rational diet no.3" and also looks at the methodology of creating new dietary regimes. The main research goal of the questionnare was to find out the patient's satisfaction with the new dialysis diet. Another goal was to discover the nutritional balance of individual dishes and the willingness to continue the diet after hospitalization. Finally, I would also like to mention that theoretically prepared dietary regime was put...
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Novel biomarkers in patients with renal disease
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major public health problems. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of adverse outcome, CKD progression and associated cardiovascular disease. The aim of the thesis was to study novel promising biomarkers, their relationship to kidney function, chronic inflammation and/or cardiovascular risk - placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), calcium binding protein S100A12 or extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in patients with renal diseases including CKD, haemodialysis (HD), AKI patients, and healthy controls for comparison. First study revealed that PlGF is elevated in patients with decreased renal function. Second study demonstrated the association of MMP-2 and PAPP-A with proteinuria in patients with CKD. Moreover, serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels significantly differed in patients with various nephropathies. EN-RAGE levels are not elevated in patients with CKD, but are related to inflammatory status. PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels are significantly elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF...
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